Muscular system

Question 1

functions of the muscular system

Answer 1

• Creates movement
• Maintains posture
• Maintains bodily functions

Question 2

how does the muscular system create movement

Answer 2

Skeletal muscles will contract and pull on bones to enable the body’s development

Question 3

how does the muscular system maintain posture

Answer 3

Through coordinated contractions of appropriate muscles and stabilizing ligament structures

Question 4

what bodily functions does the muscular system maintain?

Answer 4

• Circulation of blood
• Digestion controlled by intestines
• Breathing initiated by the diaphragm

Question 5

what are the different types of muscles

Answer 5

-skeletal muscles
-smooth muscles
-cardiac muscles

Question 6

skeletal muscles

Answer 6

Pull-on bones to create movement

Question 7

smooth muscles

Answer 7

These muscles help with digestion and nutrient collection and are involuntary

Question 8

cardiac muscles

Answer 8

Is the heart itself, being involuntary controlled. It contracts and relaxes to pump blood around the body.

Question 9

What are the types of muscle fibres?

Answer 9

• slow-twitch (type one)
• fast-twitch (type two)

Question 10

Characteristics of slow-twitch/type one fibres

Answer 10

-slow contraction speed
-generate energy through the aerobic pathway
-used for continuous activities (marathon running)
-low force production

Question 11

fast-twitch or type two fibres

Answer 11

-rapid contraction speed
-anaerobic ATP production
-used for quick, high-intensity activities (sprinting)
-high force production

Question 12

how do people get slow/fast-twitch fibres

Answer 12

-genetic inheritance can determine an individual speed or endurance potential
-people born with slow-twitch fibres are better suited for endurance activities
-people born with fast-twitch fibres are better suited for shorter, powerful activities
-training can help the development of fibres

Question 13

what colour is slow and fast-twitch fibres

Answer 13

• slow twitch are red
• fast twitch is white

Question 14

what is the origin

Answer 14

the point at which the muscle joins the stationary bone

Question 15

what is the insertion

Answer 15

the point where the muscle-tendon joins the moving bone

Question 16

what is relaxation

Answer 16

when muscles return to their original length

Question 17

what is an antagonist pair

Answer 17

for every muscle group that pulls on a bone in a one direction, there is a matching muscle group pulling the bone in the opposite direction

Question 18

what is the prime mover/agonist

Answer 18

the muscle that produces movement

Question 19

what is the antagonist

Answer 19

the muscle with opposite action of the prime mover

Question 20

what is an example of an antagonist pair

Answer 20

flexing the bicep (prime mover) and relaxing the tricep (antagonist)

Question 21

what is a stabiliser

Answer 21

are muscles that hold other joints when increasing tension to allow controlled movement

Question 22

why do females have greater flexibility

Answer 22

due to a hormone which causes softening and stretching of ligaments - essential for child birth

Question 23

factors that affect flexibility

Answer 23

• tendon and ligament elasticity
• bone structure
• muscle mass

Question 24

what are ligaments

Answer 24

ligaments connect bone to bone

Question 25

what are tendons

Answer 25

tendons connect muscle to bone

Question 26

what is Excitability

Answer 26

The ability to respond to a stimulus, which may be delivered from a motor neuron or a hormone

Question 27

what is extensibility

Answer 27

the ability of a muscle to extend to a predetermined endpoint

Question 28

what is elasticity

Answer 28

the ability to stretch muscles to reach their full range if movement without restriction