Biomechanics Flashcards
Define what sports and exercise biomechanics is
we define sport and exercise biomechanics as the stud of forces and their effects on humans in exercise and sport.
what are the three types of motion
- linear motion
- angular motion
- general motion
what is an example of linear motion
riding a bike down a hill
what is angular motion also referred to as
rotary motion or rotation
what is an example of angular motion
ice skater in a spin
what is an example of general motion
walking
what is the equation for speed
distance/time
what is the equation for velocity
displacement/time = average velocity
what is the equation or acceleration
Acceleration = velocity/time
what is uniform acceleration
An object that is increasing its acceleration at a constant rate
what are projectiles
Most sports involve projectiles, any sport involving an implement that you kick throw or hit. The
human body can also be a projectile
in what sports can the human body be considered a projectile
- gymnastics
- long jump
define trajectory
the path a projectile follows through the air from the moment of release to the
moment it lands.
define horizontal motion
the horizonal distance a body travels whilst in the air. Is the range of the projectile
define vertical motion
The vertical velocity imparted on an object now of release. Is responsible for the lift of a projectile
define the time of flight
The time a projectile spends in the air
what are the three factors which affect the projectile range
- Velocity of release
- Angle of release
- Height of release
what is the velocity of release in terms of factors that will affect projectile range
The result of the horizontal and vertical velocity upon release of the projectile will affect the range of a projectile
what is the angle of release in terms of factors that will affect the projectile range
Determines the shape of trajectory, usually between 0 and 90 degrees. The optimum angle of release depends on the activity.
describe the optimal theoretical angle of release
45 degrees is the greatest theoretical distance, as vertical horizontal velocity is equal to vertical velocity upon release.
what will higher angles of release result in (above 45 degrees)
This will result in shorter distances, greater heights and longer flight times. The vertical velocity will be greater than the horizontal velocity
what will lower angles of release result in (above 45 degrees)
This will result in longer distances, lower heights and shorter flight times. The horizontal velocity is greater than the vertical velocity.
what is the height of release
The difference between the height of release and height of landing. The optimum release angle at a height of zero is 45 degrees
what happens if the release of a projectile is higher than the landing level
The optimum angle of release will decrease or be less than 45 degrees
What happens if the release of a projectile lower than the landing level
The optimum angle of release will be more than 45 degrees.
what is the projectile distance
Increasing the height of release, in most instances, will mean greater flight time and distance if the velocity and angle remain constant
what are two factors that can affect the trajectory of a projectile
- air resistance
- spin
