biomechanics definitions Flashcards
linear motion
takes place through a linear pathway, either in a straight or curved line
angular motion
takes place when an object turns about an axis of rotation
general motion
combination of both linear and angular motion
distance
path of a body as it moves from one location to another
displacement
a measure of how far you finish from your start position in a set direction
speed
movement from one point to another in the fastest possible time
formula for distance
distance = speed x time
velocity
the speed in a given time
acceleration
the rate at which velocity changes
angular distance
represents the sum of all angles as a body moves from its start position to its end position
angular displacement
represents the difference in the angle between the start and end of the position of a body
sub-maximal force
less than maximal force, generally used when accuracy is most important
maximal force
result of perfect force summation, maximal muscle contraction and excellent technique
simultaneously
when all body parts move at the same time to produce a force, generally used to produce accuracy, but also maximal power
sequentially
when all body parts are moved in a sequence to produce a force, is generally used to produce maximally force in whole-body actions such as throwing or kicking
balance
the ability to neutralise forces that disturb the equilibrium
static stability
when an object is at rest and not moving with linear and angular motion
dynamic stability
when an object is in motion and is moving in linear and angular motion
centre of gravity
the point around which a body’s weight is equally balanced in all directions
force
any push or pull action
newtons first law
a body continues in a state of rest or state of motion unless acted upon by a force
newtons second law
the rate of change of acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the force applied to it an dinve
newtons third law
for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force in terms of magnitude and direction
inertia
the amount of resistance to a change in an object’s state of motion
momentum
the quantity of motion posses by a moving object
impulse
the change in momentum of an object
