Circulatory system

Question 1

what is the circulatory system

Answer 1

the circulatory system transports blood to the body; organs and muscles. Blood supplies tissue with 02 and nutrients and removes CO2 and wastes

Question 2

what is the circulatory system made up of

Answer 2

• blood
• blood vessels
• the heart

Question 3

functions of blood

Answer 3

• transport nutrients
• regulate body temperature
• rugulate body’s fluids
• protect the body against diseases

Question 4

components of blood

Answer 4

• plasma
• platelets
• red blood cells
• white blood cells

Question 5

function of plasma

Answer 5

transport hormones, nutrients and proteins

Question 6

function of platelets

Answer 6

responsible for clotting blood at wounds to prevent severe blood loss

Question 7

function of red blood cells

Answer 7

transport oxygen around the body

Question 8

function of white blood cells

Answer 8

to destroy bacteria in areas of infection

Question 9

what are blood vessels

Answer 9

carry blood from the heart, distribute it throughout the body and then return it to the heart

Question 10

what are the three types of blood vessels

Answer 10

• arteries
• capillaries
• veins

Question 11

function of arteries

Answer 11

carry blood away from the heart

Question 12

function of veins

Answer 12

carry blood to the heart

Question 13

function of capillaries

Answer 13

where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste

Question 14

what does the heart consist of

Answer 14

• 2 atria
• 2ventricles
• septum
• 2 pulmonary veins
• 2 pulmonary arteries
• aorta
• superior vena cava
• inferior vena cava

Question 15

what is stroke volume

Answer 15

amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat

Question 16

what cardiac output

Answer 16

amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

stoke volume x beats per minute

Question 17

what is the cardiac cycle

Answer 17

the heart contacts rhythmically with a period of relaxation between each contraction. not all parts of the heart contract at the same time. there is an orderly sequence of contractions.

Question 18

what are the 3 steps of the cardiac cycle

Answer 18

• diastole
• atrial systole
• ventricular systole

Question 19

what is diastole

Answer 19

when both the atria and ventricles relax

Question 20

what is the atrial systole

Answer 20

arteria contracts forcing blood into already full ventricles (creating pressure)

Question 21

what is ventricular systole?

Answer 21

when the left and right ventricle contract pushing blood into the aorta and into a smaller network of arteries

Question 22

what is pulmonary circulation

Answer 22

• right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena carvae.
• pumps it to the lungs to be oxygenated via the pulmonary artery

Question 23

what is systematic circulation

Answer 23

the left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps it out to the body through the aorta

Question 24

what is blood pressure

Answer 24

is the amount of force exerted on the walls of the artery

Question 25

what are the different types of pressure

Answer 25

systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 26

what is systolic pressure

Answer 26

is the pressure in the artery during contraction of the heart

Question 27

what is the diastolic pressure

Answer 27

is measured when the heart relaxes and fills up with blood

Question 28

what types of walls do arteries have

Answer 28

thick walls

Question 29

what types of walls do veins have

Answer 29

elastic walls

Question 30

what type of walls do capillaries have

Answer 30

thin walls

Question 31

how is blood pressure measured

Answer 31

using a sphygmomanometer

Question 32

how do we measure blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer

Answer 32

1. a cuff is positioned on the upper arm
2. this is inflated to temporarily close the brachial artery
3. pressure in the cuff is then slowly released until small amounts of blood can be detected.
4. more air is progressively released from the cuff until no sound can be heard

Question 33

discuss blood flow through the heart 1-5

Answer 33

1. The blood first enters the right atrium.
2. The blood then flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
3. When the heartbeats, the ventricle pushes blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery.
4. The pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs where it “picks up” oxygen.
5. It then leaves the lungs to return to the heart through the pulmonary vein.

Question 34

discuss the blood flow through the heart 6-10

Answer 34

6. The blood enters the left atrium.
7. It drops through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.
8. The left ventricle then pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta.
9. Blood returns to the heart from the body via the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava.
10. The vena cavas pump blood into the right atrium and the cycle begins all over again.

Question 35

what is a good blood pressure reading

Answer 35

systolic pressure - less than 120

diastolic pressure - less than 80