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Year 2 MIS > Multi-system condition: autoimmune diseases > Flashcards

Multi-system condition: autoimmune diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is spondyloarthritis (SpA)?

1 - family to inflammatory arthritis diseases
2 - inflammatory disease attacking the spine only
3 - inflammatory disease that attacks joints except the spine

A

1 - family to inflammatory arthritis diseases

- inflammation, pain and stiffness are common amongst these disease

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2
Q

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is family of inflammatory arthritis diseases that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness. Which part of the body is most commonly affected in these diseases?

1 - vertebrae (lower back pain (LBP)) and sacro-iliac joints
2 - vertebrae (lower back pain (LBP)) and hands
3 - hands and sacro-iliac joints
4 - feet and sacro-iliac joints

A

1 - vertebrae (lower back pain (LBP)) and sacro-iliac joints

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3
Q

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is family of inflammatory arthritis diseases that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness. What human leukocyte antigen is most commonly positive in these disease?

1 - HLA-B22
2 - HLA-B7
3 - HLA-B27
4 - HLA-B21

A

3 - HLA-B27

- encodes for MHC-1 molecule

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4
Q

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is family of inflammatory arthritis diseases that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness. What imaging modality is most useful when trying to diagnose these patients?

1 - X-ray
2 - CT scan
3 - MRI
4 - Ultrasound

A

3 - MRI

- shows bones and soft tissue

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5
Q

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is family of inflammatory arthritis diseases that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness. Symptoms can present in a similar fashion to RA. What blood test can be used to distinguish between RA and SpA?

1 - low CRP and ESR
2 - negative for RF and low CRP in SpA
3 - negative for anti-CCP in SpA
4 - negative for anti-CCP and RF in SpA

A

4 - negative for anti-CCP and RF in SpA

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6
Q

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is family of inflammatory arthritis diseases that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness. Symptoms can present in a similar fashion to RA. Does SpA present in the same way as RA in terms of symmetrical presentations in limbs (both limbs affected)?

A
  • no

- SpA can be unilateral or bilateral and affects larger joints

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7
Q

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is family of inflammatory arthritis diseases that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness. Patients with SpA present with enthesitis, what is this?

1 - inflammation of muscles
2 - inflammation of bursae
3 - inflammation of tendons
4 - inflammation of bones

A

3 - inflammation of tendons

  • specifically inflammation of entheses which is site of attachment for ligaments/tendons to bone
  • achilles tendon is commonly affected
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8
Q

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is family of inflammatory arthritis diseases that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness. Does RA or SpA have a stronger familial aggregation?

A
  • SpA

- HLA-B27 is passed on

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9
Q

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is family of inflammatory arthritis diseases that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness. In SpA inflammatory back pain is common. The 5 criteria set out below are part of the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria helps distinguish between mechanical and inflammatory back pain. How many of the 5 criteria are required for a diagnosis of inflammatory back pain to be given?

1 - Onset of back discomfort before the age of 40 years
2 - Insidious onset
3 - Improvement with exercise
4 - No improvement with rest
5 - Pain at night (with improvement upon arising)

A
  • 3 out of 5 suggests inflammatory back pain

- >4 out of 5 is a diagnosis of inflammatory back pain

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10
Q

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is family of inflammatory arthritis diseases that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness. Does RA or SpA have a stronger familial aggregation?

A
  • SpA

- HLA-B27 is passed on

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11
Q

What skin condition is common in Spondyloarthritis (SpA)?

1 - herpes zoyster
2 - acne
3 - eczema
4 - psoriasis

A

4 - psoriasis

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12
Q

In Spondyloarthritis (SpA) why is a full blood count commonly performed?

1 - anaemia of chronic disease affects RBC count
2 - standard procedure
3 - RBCs can be low in SpA
4 - immune cells can be low in SpA

A

1 - anaemia of chronic disease affects RBC count

- inflammation is linked with low RBCs

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13
Q

In Spondyloarthritis (SpA) why is renal and liver function assessed?

A
  • drugs used for treatment can affect liver and kidney function
  • increased Ca2+ could suggest malignancy
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14
Q

Which acute phase reactants in blood biochemistry should be selected for suspected Spondyloarthritis inflammatory back pain?

1 - pentraxins (CRP)
2 - creatine kinase
3 - lactate dehydrogenase
4 - IL-6

A

1 - pentraxins (CRP)

- soluble opsonins/PRR

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15
Q

What can we see in the image below in a patient with Spondyloarthritis?

1 - fused lumbar verebrae
2 - fractured femur
3 - right sided SI joint sclerosis
4 - left sided SI joint sclerosis

A

3 - right sided SI joint sclerosis (increased bone density)

- loss of joint space

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16
Q

In axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), which is spondyloarthritis affecting the axial skeleton, in men and women, why is the incidence of the condition different if the imaging modality was an X-ray vs MRI?

A
  • some patients don’t present with skeletal spinal changes

- some patients only present on an MRI

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17
Q

In axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), which is spondyloarthritis affecting the axial skeleton, is the condition more common in men or women?

A
  • depends on the imaging modality

- but generally more common in men

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18
Q

What is the first treatment options for Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA)?

1 - rest
2 - physio and NSAIDs
3 - DMARDs (methotrexate)
4 - anti TNF-a or anti-IL-17 medications

A

2 - physio and NSAIDs

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19
Q

If a patient has Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and signs of peripheral spondyloarthritis as the peripheral joints are also affected, and physio and NSAIDs has not worked, which therapy should be prescribed?

1 - DMARDs (methotrexate)
2 - anti TNF-a or anti-IL-17 medications
3 - steroids

A

2 - anti TNF-a or anti-IL-17 medications

  • these work on peripheral and spinal
  • DMARDs do not work on the spine
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20
Q

If a patient has peripheral spondyloarthritis evident by peripheral joints being affected and no symptoms in the spine, and physio and NSAIDs has not worked, which therapy should be prescribed?

1 - DMARDs (methotrexate)
2 - anti TNF-a or anti-IL-17 medications
3 - steroids

A

1 - DMARDs (methotrexate)

- same as RA

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21
Q

If a patient has axial spondyloarthritis affecting just the spine and sacro-iliac joint, and physio and NSAIDs has not worked, which therapy should be prescribed?

1 - DMARDs (methotrexate)
2 - anti TNF-a or anti-IL-17 medications
3 - steroids

A

2 - anti TNF-a or anti-IL-17 medications

- DMARDs do not work on the spine

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22
Q

If a patient has Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), the risk of what other disease is commonly increased, primarily due to medications such as steroids?

1 - osteoarthritis
2 - osteoporosis
3 - RA
4 - spina bifida

A

2 - osteoporosis

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23
Q

Reactive arthritis is a peripheral spondyloarthritis. What is reactive arthritis?

1 - trauma causing arthritis
2 - arthritis following an infection (generally 1-4 weeks)
3 - arthritis that has spread from another part of the body

A

2 - arthritis following an infection (generally 1-4 weeks)

- generally due to molecular mimicry

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24
Q

Reactive arthritis is a peripheral spondyloarthritis that presents 1-4 weeks following an infection, generally due to molecular mimicry. What is the reactive arthritis triad?

1 - renal stenosis, conjunctivitis, urethritis
2 - cardiovascular, renal stenosis, urethritis
3 - conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis
4 - cardiovascular, conjunctivitis, urethritis

A

3 - conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis

  • conjunctivitis = cant see
  • urethritis = cant pee
  • arthritis = cant climb a tree
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25
Q

What biochemical measures would you perform for a patient you suspect with reactive arthritis?

1 - ESR, CRP, FBC, Liver and Renal function, RF, anti-CCP
2 - ESR, creatine kinase, FBC, Liver and Renal function, RF
3 - ESR, CRP, FBC, cardiac function, RF
4 - ESR, CRP, FBC, Liver and Renal function, anti-CCP

A

1 - ESR, CRP, FBC, Liver and Renal function, RF, anti-CCP

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26
Q

If we suspect a patient has reactive arthritis why would we consider urinalysis, faecal swab and/or blood culture?

A
  • infection will have caused reactive arthritis
  • identifying if an infection caused it can help with diagnosis
  • also rules out septic arthritis
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27
Q

Reactive arthritis is a form of peripheral spondyloarthritis. How could we treat this?

1 - rest, NSAIDs, corticosteroid, anti TNF-a and IL-17 (where appropriate)
2 - rest, corticosteroid, DMARDs, TNF-a and IL-17 (where appropriate)
3 - NSAIDs, corticosteroid, DMARDs (where appropriate)
4 - rest, NSAIDs, corticosteroid, DMARDs (where appropriate)

A

4 - rest, NSAIDs, corticosteroid, DMARDs (where appropriate)

- a peripheral spondyloarthritis so we would use DMARDs over biologics (TNF-a etc..)

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28
Q

Psoriatic arthritis is a peripheral spondyloarthritis. What is psoriatic arthritis?

1 - form of arthritis resembling psoriasis
2 - arthritis that leads to psoriasis
3 - psoriasis leads to arthritis
4 - arthritis that has no link to psoriasis

psoriasis = inflammatory autoimmune skin condition

A

3 - psoriasis leads to arthritis

- generally psoriasis precedes arthritis

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29
Q

What symptom has the strongest association for psoriatic arthritis?

1 - conjunctivitis
2 - urethritis
3 - spondyloarthropathy
4 - nail changes (ankylosis/nail pitting)

A

4 - nail changes (ankylosis/nail pitting)

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30
Q

Psoriatic arthritis can affect the joints in the hands. Which joints can be affected?

1 - metacarpophalangeal joints
2 - proximal interphalangeal joints
3 - distal interphalangeal joints
4 - all of the above

A

3 - distal interphalangeal joints

- can help rule out RA which affects PIP and MCP

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31
Q

In psoriatic arthritis there is one condition that presents in a very similar way as RA affecting the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. This is a sub-category of psoriatic arthritis. What condition is this?

1 - Symmetric polyarthritis
2 - Arthritis mutilans
3 - Asymmetric oligoarticular arthritis
4 - Predominant spondylitis

A

1 - Symmetric polyarthritis

  • differentiate using RF and anti-CCP measurements
  • symmetric in the name helps as we know RA is also symmetrical
32
Q

What sub-category of psoriatic arthritis classification of psoriatic arthritis can be seen in the image below?

1 - Symmetric polyarthritis
2 - Arthritis mutilans
3 - Asymmetric oligoarticular arthritis
4 - Predominant spondylitis

A

2 - Arthritis mutilans

  • due to bone reabsorption
  • think mutated fingers and toes
33
Q

What are the treatment options for psoriatic arthritis?

1 - rest, NSAIDs, corticosteroid
2 - corticosteroid, DMARDs, TNF-a and IL-17
3 - NSAIDs, DMARDs, TNF-a and IL-17
4 - rest, NSAIDs, corticosteroid, DMARDs (where appropriate)

A

3 - NSAIDs, DMARDs, TNF-a and IL-17

- same as RA

34
Q

The treatment options for psoriatic arthritis NSAIDs, DMARDs, TNF-a and IL-17. What is the treatment order of these medication?

A
  • same as in RA
    1st - NSAIDs
    2nd - DMARDs
    3rd - TNF-a and IL-17
35
Q

What sub-category of psoriatic arthritis classification of psoriatic arthritis can be seen in the image below?:

1 - Symmetric polyarthritis
2 - Dactylitis
3 - Asymmetric oligoarticular arthritis
4 - Predominant spondylitis

A

2 - Dactylitis

36
Q

What is vasculitis?

A
  • inflammation of the blood vessels
37
Q

Vasculitis can be classified into 3 categories, what are they?

A

1 - Large Vessel = Takayasu’s, Giant Cell arteries
2 - Medium Vessel = Polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki’s
3 - Small = Henoch Schonlein purpura, EGPA and GPA, MPA

38
Q

What is the most common vasculitis?

1 - Takayasu’s
2 - Giant Cell arteritis
2 - Polyarteritis nodosa
4 - Kawasaki’s

A

2 - Giant Cell arteritis

39
Q

Giant cell arteritis is the most common vasculitis. What age does this occur in most commonly?

1 - 20-35 y/o
2 - 35-50 y/o
3 - >50 y/o
4 - >60 y/o

A
  • > 50 years

- peak 70-79

40
Q

Patients with giant cell arteritis can experience headaches and tenderness of the skull. Which blood vessel and its location is most commonly affected?

1 - internal carotid artery near the ear
2 - temporal artery at temple of head
3 - ophthalmic artery near eyes
4 - facial artery near mandible bone

A

2 - temporal artery at temple of head

41
Q

How can giant cell arteritis cause blindness or diplopia​?

A
  • blood supply to the eyes is limited or stopped altogether
42
Q

What blood measures can be elevated in giant cell arteritis, a form of large cell vasculitis?

1 - ESR and creatine kinase
2 - CRP and lactate dehydrogenase
3 - CRP and creatine kinase
4 - CRP and ESR

A

4 - CRP and ESR

43
Q

In giant cell arteritis, a form of large cell vasculitis, why would we want to do a chest X-ray?

1 - ensure lungs are ok
2 - common carotid artery could be affected
3 - aorta could be inflamed
4 - check on the heart

A

3 - aorta could be inflamed

44
Q

How can we diagnose vasculitis using imagery?

1 - biopsy or ultrasound
2 - MRI
3 - X-ray
4 - CT scan

A

1 - biopsy or ultrasound

45
Q

In giant cell arteritis, a form of large vessel vasculitis why can ultrasound and/or biopsy not be definitive form of diagnosis when assessing the temporal artery?

1 - operator dependent skill set
2 - part of artery sampled may be healthy
3 - not sufficient to effectively diagnose

A

2 - part of artery sampled may be healthy

- so may miss the damaged arteries

46
Q

How can we treat giant cell arteries?

1 - NSAIDS given immediately
2 - strong dose of steroids given immediately
3 - DMARDs given immediately
4 - biologics given immediately

A

2 - strong dose of steroids given immediately

47
Q

What is Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)?

1 - multiple necrotising arteries inflamed
2 - <4 necrotising arteries inflamed
3 - medium size necrotising vasculitis

A

3 - medium size necrotising vasculitis

- occasional involvement of small muscular arteries

48
Q

What are antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)?

1 - antibodies targeting neutrophils for phagocytosis
2 - antibodies targeting cytoplasm if cells for phagocytosis
3 - auto-antibodies targeting neutrophils for phagocytosis
4 - auto-antibodies targeting cytoplasm for phagocytosis

A

3 - auto-antibodies targeting neutrophils for phagocytosis

- associated with a broad range of immune disorders

49
Q

What is Connective Tissue disease (CTD)?

A
  • autoimmune disease affecting connective tissue of the body

- collagen is the most abundant tissue in the body

50
Q

Connective Tissue disease (CTD) is an autoimmune disease affecting connective tissue of the body. What 2 proteins are most commonly affected in CTD?

1 - collagen and cartilage
2 - collagen and fibroblasts
3 - elastin and collagen
4 - elastin and fibroblasts

A

3 - elastin and collagen

51
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage and inflammation to any tissue in the body, but generally connective tissue (blood vessels, cartilage, skin, heart, kidney, lungs). Which type of hypersensitivity is SLE?

1 - type I hypersensitivity
2 - type II hypersensitivity
3 - type III hypersensitivity
4 - type IV hypersensitivity

A

3 - type III hypersensitivity

  • antigen-immune complexes form and form clumps throughout the body
  • lead to tissue damage and inflammation
52
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which is a form of connective tissue disease, is an autoimmune disease that is a type III hypersensitivity. Antigen-immune complexes form and form clumps throughout the body leading to tissue damage and inflammation. What age does this generally occur?

1 - 15-25 y/o
2 - 15-30 y/o
3 - 15-40 y/o
4 - >40 y/o

A

3 - 15-40 y/o

53
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage and inflammation to any tissue in the body, but generally connective tissue (blood vessels, cartilage, skin, heart, kidney, lungs) and is a type III hypersensitivity. Antigen-immune complexes form and form clumps throughout the body leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Is SLE more common in men or women?

A
  • women as are most autoimmune diseases

- other ethnicities than caucasian

54
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage and inflammation to any tissue in the body, but generally connective tissue (blood vessels, cartilage, skin, heart, kidney, lungs) and is a type III hypersensitivity. Antigen-immune complexes form and form clumps throughout the body leading to tissue damage and inflammation. What other common syndrome can often be caused by SLE due to antibodies?

1 - kallman syndrome
2 - antiphospholipid syndrome
3 - vasculitis
4 - metabolic syndrome

A

2 - antiphospholipid syndrome

- antibodies target phospholipids and proteins in cell membranes

55
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage and inflammation to any tissue in the body, but generally connective tissue (blood vessels, cartilage, skin, heart, kidney, lungs) and is a type III hypersensitivity. Antigen-immune complexes form and form clumps throughout the body leading to tissue damage and inflammation. SLE patients can have anti-nucleated antibodies, why is this?

1 - dying cells release their contents including nucleus
2 - cells of the body are damaged and anti-nucleated antibodies can enter cells
3 - molecular mimicry results in anti-nucleated antibodies

A

1 - dying cells release their contents including nucleus

  • antigen presenting cells present these on MHC-II and mistake them as foreign
  • B cells then produce antibodies against the nuclear contents
56
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage and inflammation to any tissue in the body, but generally connective tissue (blood vessels, cartilage, skin, heart, kidney, lungs) and is a type III hypersensitivity. Antigen-immune complexes form and form clumps throughout the body leading to tissue damage and inflammation. What are the 2 SLE specific antibodies that are commonly present?

1 - ANA and anti-Smith
2 - ANA and dsDNA
3 - dsDNA and anti-Smith
4 - dsDNA and anti-CCP

A

3 - dsDNA and anti-Smith (nuclear protein)

57
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage and inflammation to any tissue in the body, but generally connective tissue (blood vessels, cartilage, skin, heart, kidney, lungs) and is a type III hypersensitivity. Antigen-immune complexes form and form clumps throughout the body leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Why would we want to do a FBC in SLE?

1 - damage to tissues could increase RBC number
2 - systemic inflammation can reduce WBC number
3 - anaemia of chronic disease

A

3 - anaemia of chronic disease

58
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage and inflammation to any tissue in the body, but generally connective tissue (blood vessels, cartilage, skin, heart, kidney, lungs) and is a type III hypersensitivity. Antigen-immune complexes form and form clumps throughout the body leading to tissue damage and inflammation. What 2 inflammatory markers are commonly elevated in SLE?

1 - ESR and IL-6
2 - ESR and CRP
3 - creatine kinase and ESR
4 - creatine kinase and CRP

A

2 - ESR and CRP

- CRP can also be normal though

59
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage and inflammation to any tissue in the body, but generally connective tissue (blood vessels, cartilage, skin, heart, kidney, lungs) and is a type III hypersensitivity. Antigen-immune complexes form and form clumps throughout the body leading to tissue damage and inflammation. What happens to the 2 common inflammatory markers CRP and ESR in SLE?

A
  • ESR = raised levels

- CRP = normal levels as complement system is not activated

60
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage and inflammation to any tissue in the body, but generally connective tissue (blood vessels, cartilage, skin, heart, kidney, lungs) and is a type III hypersensitivity. Antigen-immune complexes form and form clumps throughout the body leading to tissue damage and inflammation. In active SLE, what can happen to C3 and C4 of the complement system?

A
  • reduced

- immune system is impaired and is likely to be why CRP is also normal

61
Q

What is Sjogren’s syndrome?

A
  • autoimmune condition that targets the exocrine (use ducts to secrete) glands
62
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune condition that targets the exocrine (use ducts to secrete) glands. Which glands are most commonly affected in the body?

1 - pancreas and pituitary
2 - pancreas and salivary
3 - salivary and lacrimal
4 - salivary and adrenals

A

3 - salivary and lacrimal

- causes dry eyes and mouth

63
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune condition that targets the exocrine (use ducts to secrete) glands. Is this more common in men or women?

A
  • women

- as are most autoimmune conditions

64
Q

In Sjogren’s syndrome the schirmers test is performed. What is this test?

A
  • paper is placed on the eyelid to see how moist the eyes are
  • should be >5mm in 5 minutes
65
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune condition that targets the exocrine (use ducts to secrete) glands. Anti-RO antibodies are present in Sjogren’s syndrome, what are RO antibodies?

A
  • anti-nuclear antibodies are antibodies that target nuclear components
  • common in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome
66
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune condition that targets the exocrine (use ducts to secrete) glands. Anti-LA antibodies are present in Sjogren’s syndrome, what are LA antibodies?

A
  • RNA polymerase antibodies, essentially they attach RNA of the patient
  • common in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome
67
Q

The presence of lymphocytic sialoadenditis on a lip biopsy is a common diagnostic marker for Sjogren’s syndrome. What is lymphocytic sialoadenditis from a lip biopsy?

1 - salivary gland infection linked to lymphocytes
2 - salivary gland infection linked to collagen deposition
3 - apoptosis of tissue within the lips
4 - salivary gland inflammation due to WBCs

A

1 - salivary gland infection linked with lymphocyes

68
Q

Systemic sclerosis, also called Scleroderma is a form of connective tissue disease. What is scleroderma?

1 - autoimmune disease causing demyelination of neurons
2 - autoimmune disease causing excessive dense thick connective tissue to be laid down
3 - autoimmune disease causing excessive build up of bone density at joints
4 - autoimmune disease causing down regulation of collagen throughout the body

A

2 - autoimmune disease causing excessive dense thick connective tissue to be laid down

  • organs and tissue thicken and become fibrotic limiting their functionality
  • derma means skin, which is one of the most common organs affected
69
Q

Systemic sclerosis, also called Scleroderma is a form of connective tissue disease, causing excessive dense thick connective tissue to be laid down throughout the body, especially in the skin. Organs and tissue thicken and become fibrotic limiting their functionality. Is this more common in males or females?

A
  • females

- 5:1 ratio

70
Q

Systemic sclerosis, also called Scleroderma is a form of connective tissue disease, causing excessive dense thick connective tissue to be laid down throughout the body, especially in the skin. Organs and tissue thicken and become fibrotic limiting their functionality. There are a myriad of ways in which scleroderma can present. What are the 2 most common?

A
  • change in nail bed

- telangiectasia = broken blood vessels near mucosal surface

71
Q

Systemic sclerosis, also called Scleroderma is a form of connective tissue disease, causing excessive dense thick connective tissue to be laid down throughout the body, especially in the skin. Organs and tissue thicken and become fibrotic limiting their functionality. There are 2 types of Systemic sclerosis, also called Scleroderma, called limited and diffuse. What is the difference between the 2?

1 - limited = random parts of skin are affected, diffuse = entire skin is affected
2 - limited = skin thickened from elbow to hands, diffuse = entire skin is affected
3 - limited = random parts of skin are affected, diffuse = skin thickened from elbows to shoulders
4 - limited = skin thickened from elbow to hands, diffuse = skin thickened from elbows up to shoulders

A

4 - limited = skin thickened from elbow to hands, diffuse = skin thickened from elbows up to shoulders

72
Q

Myostitis is a form of connective tissue disease. What is myostitis?

A
  • muscle inflammation
73
Q

Myostitis is a form of connective tissue disease that results in inflamed muscles. What are the main symptoms patient present with?

A
  • muscle weakness that has occurred over months

- presented with impaired ability with activities of daily living

74
Q

In myositis what muscle enzyme is most commonly elevated and the most reliable?

1 - ALT
2 - AST
3 - creatine kinase
4 - lactate dehydrogenase

A

3 - creatine kinase

75
Q

What are the common treatments for myositis and vasculitis?

A
  • steroids and DMARDs

Year 2 MIS (48 decks)

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