Applied Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
A 55 year old window cleaner falls from a ladder at work, injuring his right shoulder. What is the diagnosis?
1 - Fracture/dislocation Right shoulder greater tuberosity fracture
2 - fractured sternum
3 - fractured scapula
4 - fractured ribs
1 - Fracture/dislocation Right shoulder Greater tuberosity/tubercle fracture
A 55 year old window cleaner falls from a ladder at work, injuring his their right shoulder. The man has fractured and dislocated the right shoulder greater tuberosity fracture. Which 3 rotator tendons attach to the fractured part?
1 - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
2 - bicep brachii, supraspinatus, infraspinatus
3 - triceps brachii, biceps brachii, supraspinatus
4 - supraspinatus, teres minor, biceps brachii
1 - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
A 55 year old window cleaner falls from a ladder at work, injuring his their right shoulder. The man has fractured and dislocated the right shoulder greater tubersotiy fracture. Which key nerves are more likely to be damaged?
1 - axillary and ulnar nerve
2 - radial and axillary nerve
3 - median and musculocutaneous
4 - radial and ulnar nerve
1 - axillary and ulnar nerve
A 55 year old window cleaner falls from a ladder at work, injuring his their right shoulder. The man has fractured and dislocated the right shoulder greater tuberosity fracture. Which 2 blood vessels are more likely to be damaged?
1 - axillary and anterior circumflex humeral vessel
2 - radial and anterior circumflex humeral vessel
3 - anterior and posterior circumflex humeral vessels
4 - posterior circumflex humeral and axillary vessel
3 - anterior and posterior circumflex humeral vessels
- they wrap around the humeral surgical neck
A 19 year old student is involved in a fight where they sustain a knife injury to their left forearm. The knife wound injures the proximal part of the anterior compartment of the forearm. There is immediate inability to flex the hand at the wrist joint and pronate the forearm. The hand is still pink, but less than the uninjured side. There is altered sensation over the palm of the hand and digits. Which 2 muscles are most likely damaged inhibiting the ability to flex the wrist?
1 - flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres
2 - flexor carpi ulnaris and pronator teres
3 - flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
4 - palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis
3 - flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
A 19 year old student is involved in a fight where they sustain a knife injury to their left forearm. The knife wound injures the proximal part of the anterior compartment of the forearm. There is immediate inability to flex the hand at the wrist joint and pronate the forearm. The hand is still pink, but less than the uninjured side. There is altered sensation over the palm of the hand and digits. Which 2 nerves are most likely to be damaged?
1 - ulnar and radial nerves
2 - radial and median nerves
3 - median and musculocutaneous nerves
4 - ulnar and median nerves
4 - ulnar and median nerves
A 19 year old student is involved in a fight where they sustain a knife injury to their left forearm. The knife wound injures the proximal part of the anterior compartment of the forearm. There is immediate inability to flex the hand at the wrist joint and pronate the forearm. The hand is still pink, but less than the uninjured side. There is altered sensation over the palm of the hand and digits. Which 2 blood vessels are most likely to be damaged?
1 - radial and ulnar artery
2 - radial and median artery
3 - radial and axillary artery
4 - ulnar and pectoral artery
1 - radial and ulnar artery
Label the cutaneous nerve innervation of the forearm using the labels below:
median nerve
radial nerve (superficial nerve)
lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (musculocutaneous)
ulnar nerve
medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (medial cord of brachial plexus)
radial nerve
1 = lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (musculocutaneous) 2 = median nerve 3 = medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (medial cord of brachial plexus) 4 = ulnar nerve 5 = radial nerve 6 = radial nerve (superficial nerve)
A 45 year old typist complains of recurrent weakness in her left hand at work.
There is associated altered sensation in the little and ring fingers that causes pain at night and sometimes awakens her. When she is examined her left hand looks much thinner than her right hand, especially over the palm on the little finger aspect. Which nerve is most likely to have been damaged causing loss of sensation?
1 - axillary nerve
2 - radial nerve
3 - ulnar nerve
4 - median nerve
3 - ulnar nerve
Which muscles 2 heads does the ulnar nerve pass through once it enters the forearm?
1 - flexor carpi ulnaris
2 - flexor carpi radialis
3 - pronator teres
4 - palmaris longus
1 - flexor carpi ulnaris
The ulnar nerve will pass through a canal as it enters the hand. What is this canal called?
1 - antecubital fossa
2 - popliteal fossa
3 - carpal tunnel
4 - guyons canal
4 - guyons canal
A 45 year old typist complains of recurrent weakness in her left hand at work.
There is associated altered sensation in the little and ring fingers that causes pain at night and sometimes awakens her. When she is examined her left hand looks much thinner than her right hand, especially over the palm on the little finger aspect. What group of muscles is atrophied in the hand?
1 - thenar muscles
2 - hypothenar muscles
3 - interossei muscles
4 - lumbricals nerve
2 - hypothenar muscles
Label the 3 Hypothenar Muscles in the image below:
- Abductor digiti minimi
- Flexor digiti minimi
- Opponens digiti minimi (located deeply)
1 = Flexor digiti minimi 2 = Abductor digiti minimi 3 = Opponens digiti minimi (located deeply)
62 year old female presents with 8/10 aching pain that travels down her right posterior thigh. You take her history and she further describes the pain as being worse when she sits for a prolonged period of time. She also experiences pain in her lower back, and pins and needles over anterior and posterolateral leg, and over the dorsum of her right foot. She is overweight but has no relevant medical history.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
1 - sciatica
2 - foot drop
3 - popliteal fossitis
4 - femoral nerve palsy
1 - sciatica
What are some of the most common causes of sciatica?
1 - herniated IV disc
2 - piriformis entrapment
3 - spinal stenosis
The mnemonic I (twice) Got Laid On Fridays helps us remember the lumbar plexus. What are the nerves of the lumber plexus?
I = iliohypogastric nerve I = ilioinguinal nerve G = genitofemoral nerve L = lateral femoral cutaneous nerve O = obturator nerve F = femoral nerve
The lumbar plexus originates from which vertebrae?
1 - L1-L4 (T12)
2 - L2-S1 (T11-12)
3 - L2-S1 (T12)
4 - L1-S2 (T12)
1 - L1-L4 (T12)
What level vertebrae does the sacral plexus originate from?
1 - L1-L2 and S1-S2
2 - L4-L5 and S1-S4
3 - L2-S1 and S2-S4
4 - L1-S2 and S3-S4
2 - L4-L5 and S1-S4
The sacral plexus originates from the vertebral level L4-L5 and S1-S4. The mnemonic SIPPS can be used to remember the key nerves for this, what are they?
- S = Superior gluteal
- I = Inferior gluteal
- P = Posterior Femoral
- P = Pudendal
- S = Sciatica
The sacral plexus originates from the vertebral level L4-L5 and S1-S4. The mnemonic SIPPS can be used to remember the key nerves below. What foreman must all the nerves below pass through?
- S = Superior gluteal
- I = Inferior gluteal
- P = Posterior Femoral
- P = Pudendal
- S = Sciatica
1 - iliac foreman
2 - obturator foreman
3 - sciatica foreman
4 - sacroiliac foreman
3 - sciatica foreman
The sciatica divides into 2 nerves at the popliteal fossa. What are the 2 nerves that are formed from this branching?
1 - common peroneal and plantar nerve
2 - common peroneal and sural nerve
3 - common peroneal and tibial nerve
4 - tibial and sural nerve
3 - common peroneal and tibial nerve
23 year old male has injured his left knee and is complaining that it feels very unstable and wobbly. The history reveals that the injury occurred when the patient was out hiking and caught his foot in a rabbit hole, twisting his knee as he fell. You examine the knee and observe a positive anterior draw test, which is an examination of the knee’s anterior cruciate ligament. What is the most likely tissue that is damaged?
1 - anterior cruciate ligament
2 - posterior cruciate ligament
3 - examination knee’s medial ligament
4 - examination knee’s lateral ligament
1 - anterior cruciate ligament
The anterior cruciate ligament attaches at the anterior intercondylar region of the tibia where it blends with the medial meniscus. It ascends posteriorly to attach to the femur (laterally) in the intercondylar fossa. What is the key function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
1 - prevents posterior dislocation of tibia onto femur
2 - prevents anterior dislocation of tibia onto femur
3 - prevents medal dislocation of tibia onto femur
4 - prevents lateral dislocation of tibia onto femur
2 - prevents anterior dislocation of tibia onto femur
In addition to the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, what 2 ligaments provide medial and lateral support to the knee?
- medial and lateral collateral ligaments
23 year old male has injured his left knee and is complaining that it feels very unstable and wobbly. The history reveals that the injury occurred when the patient was out hiking and caught his foot in a rabbit hole, twisting his knee as he fell. You examine the knee and observe a positive anterior draw test, which is an examination of the knee’s anterior cruciate ligament. In addition to damaging the anterior cruciate ligament, which meniscus is most likely to be damaged?
1 - inferior meniscus
2 - posterior meniscus
3 - lateral meniscus
4 - medial meniscus
4 - medial meniscus
- anterior cruciate blends with medial meniscus, so no surprise it can also be damaged
Which 3 parts of the knee are make up the terrible triad, affecting the medial aspects of the knee?
1 - posterior cruciate, lateral ligament, medial menisci
2 - anterior cruciate, medial ligament, medial menisci
3 - posterior cruciate, medial ligament, medial menisci
4 - anterior cruciate, lateral ligament, medial menisci
2 - anterior cruciate, medial ligament, medial menisci
- medial ligament attaches to medial menisci keeping it fixed
A 42 year old female presents with a swelling below the inguinal ligament. She is concerned she has a tumour and wants you to take a biopsy. You explain to her that it is unlikely this is cancer and examine the bulge. The bulge is painless and can be manually reduced. What is the most likely diagnosis?
1 - femoral hernia
2 - lymphocele
3 - lipoma
4 - tumour
1 - femoral hernia
- swelling is below the inguinal ligament and is reducible
- exit through femoral triangle
A 42 year old female presents with a swelling below the inguinal ligament. She is concerned she has a tumour and wants you to take a biopsy. You explain to her that it is unlikely this is cancer and examine the bulge. The bulge is painless and can be manually reduced. The most likely diagnosis is a femoral hernia as the swelling is below the inguinal ligament and is reducible. What anatomical structure does the protrude through?
1 - popliteal fossa
2 - obturator foreman
3 - femoral triangle
4 - adductor hiatus
3 - femoral triangle
Label the aspects of the wrist labelled below, using these labels:
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- Flexor Pollicis Longus
- radial artery
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- ulnar nerve
11 - Flexor Pollicis Longus 12 - ulnar nerve 13 - Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 14 - radial artery 15 Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Label the 3 tendons that make up the borders of the anatomical snuff box using the labels below:
- Abductor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Pollicis Brevis
1 = Extensor Pollicis Brevis 2 = Abductor Pollicis Longus 3= Extensor Pollicis Longus
