MSK - Joints Flashcards
What are the THREE structural classifications of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
What are the THREE functional classifications of joints?
- Diarthroses (Freely moveable)
- Amphiarthrosis (Slightly movable)
- Syarthrosis (Immovably fixed)
Describe the structure of a fibrous joint
- No synovial cavity
- Fibrous connective tissue holds the bones close
- Little movement is allowed
What are the THREE types of fibrous joints?
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphosis
Describe suture and give an example
- Thin layer of connective tissue between bones
- Skull bones
- Synarthrotic so immovably fixed
Describe syndesmoses and give an example
- Higher amount of connective tissue
- Amphiarthrotic so slightly movable
- Tibiofibular joint
Describe gomphosis and give an example
- Cone shaped peg fitting into a socket
- Synarthrotic so immovably fixed
- Dental-alveolar joint (teeth to bony sockets in maxillary bone and mandible)
Describe the structure of cartilaginous joints
- No synovial cavity
- Bones connected by cartilage
- Little movement
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
- Syndochondroses
- Symphysis
Describe a syndochondrotic joint and give an example
- Bones are connected by hyaline cartilage
- Synarthrotic so immovably fixed
- Epiphyseal plates or 1st sternocostal joint
Describe a symphysic joint and give an example
- Fibrocartilaginous fusion of two bones
- Amphyarthrotic so slightly movable
- Pubic symphysis
Describe the structure of synovial joints
- Have a synovial cavity and articular cartilage
- Have an articular capsule (with an outer fibrous capsule and an inner synovial membrane)
- Rich in blood and nerves
What are the 6 types of synovial joint? Give an example of each
Clue: Please Have Poos Cautiously Sat Back
- Planar e.g. Sternoclavicular joint
- Hinge e.g. Knee
- Pivot e.g. Atlas around dens of axis
- Condyloid/ellipsoidal e.g. wrist
- Saddle e.g. trapezium and first metacarpal
- Ball and socket e.g. shoulder
Describe the movement of synovial joints
Diarthrotic so are freely movable
What are the FOUR types of movement at a synovial joint?
- Gliding
- Angular
- Rotation
- Special
Describe the movement of a gliding synovial joint
- Non axial i.e. no movement in any plane, can only slip
- Planar joints e.g. acromioclavicular joint
Describe the movement of an angular synovial joint
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Moves distally but is stable proximally
Describe the movement of a rotating synovial joint
- Turns lengthways in its own axis
- Medial rotation = internal movement
- Lateral rotation = external movement
What are the special movements of synovial joints?
- Elevation/depression
- Protraction/retraction
- Inversion/eversion e.g. sole of foot moves medially or laterally
- Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
- Supination/pronation
- Opposition
What mechanisms contribute to the stability of a joint?
- Articular surfaces (arrangement, shape and size)
- Ligaments (more = more stable)
- Muscle tone in surroundings
- Bursae
What are bursae? What are is function?
- Fluid filled sacs
- Decrease friction between articulating surfaces
