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ESA 2 > CVS 5.2 - Pressures and Flow in the Systemic Circulation > Flashcards

CVS 5.2 - Pressures and Flow in the Systemic Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is vasomotor tone?

A

The continuous contraction of the muscle (so there is always some vasocontstriction)

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2
Q

What agonises vasomotor tone?

A

Sympathetic stimulation of adrenergic alpha-1 receptors

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3
Q

What antagonises vasomotor tone?

A

Vasodilator factors

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4
Q

What is central venous pressure?

A

The pressure in the great veins supplying the heart

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5
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

The maximum pressure reached in systole

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6
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

The minimum pressure reached in diastole

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7
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

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8
Q

What is venous return?

A

The rate of blood back to the heart

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9
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

The decrease in flow due to contraction of arterial walls

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10
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The increase in flow due to relaxation of smooth muscle in vessel walls

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11
Q

What is the significance of vasoconstriction/dilation?

A

Means that arterioles can vary flow = control

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12
Q

What is total peripheral resistance? What is it proportional to?

A
  • The total resistance to blood flow from all of the systemic vasculature (not pulmonary)
  • 1/need for blood
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13
Q

What affects systolic pressure?

A
  • Force of contraction
  • Total peripheral resistance (more difficult to pump blood so more pressure required)
  • Compliance of arteries
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14
Q

What affects diastolic pressure?

A
  • Systolic pressure

- Total peripheral resistance

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15
Q

What is the typical value of pulse pressure?

A

40 mmHg

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16
Q

What is average pressure?

A

Diastolic plus 1/3rd of pulse pressure

17
Q

What causes the pulse wave? Where can it be felt?

A
  • Contraction of the ventricles which propagates along the arteries faster than blood
  • Where arteries are close to the skin e.g. anatomical snuffbox
18
Q

What is the significance of arteries having distensible walls?

A
  • Stretch during systole which allows more blood to flow in than out, doesn’t increase pressure much
  • Recoil during diastole which continues the flow
19
Q

What is autoregulation?

A

When arterial pressure is within a specific range, most organs can take in the amount of blood flow they need

20
Q

What is reactive hyperaemia?

A
  • Restoration of blood flow after being stopped for a while. Leads to a large amount of blood entering after none at all
21
Q

What are the effects of reactive hyperaemia?

A
  • Continued respiration in tissues
  • Vasodilators are still produced but aren’t removed
  • Maximum dilation of local arterioles = very high blood flow
22
Q

Why can veins sometimes be used as arterial by-pass grafts?

A
  • At higher pressures and volumes, their compliance becomes similar to that of arteries

ESA 2 (63 decks)

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