MOD 7.1 - Cell Adaptations Flashcards
What is the definition of regeneration?
Cell losses are replaced by identical cells that originate from stem cells
Describe the regenerative ability of smooth muscle and striated muscle
- Smooth = good
- Striated = limited
Describe the regenerative ability of:
- Epithelia
- Adipocytes
- Mesothelia
- Melanocytes
- Epithelia = good
- Adipocytes = unable
- Mesothelia = good
- Melanocytes = usually too much/too little
Describe the regenerative ability of articular cartilage and tendons
Poor
What stimulates regeneration?
- Cell to cell communication
- Growth factors
What is reconstitution?
Replacement of a lost part of the body
What is hyperplasia?
The increase in tissue or organ size due to an increase in cell number (not permanent cells)
Give 2 pathological examples of hyperplasia
- Eczema
- Thyroid goitres
Give 2 physiological examples of hyperplasia
- Endometrium under the influence of oestrogen
- Bone marrow when hypoxic
What is hypertrophy?
The increase in tissue or organ size due to an increase in cell size (permanent cell populations)
How are hyperplasia and hypertrophy similar?
- Reversible
- Physiologically controlled
What causes hypertrophy?
- Increased functional demand
- Hormonal stimulation
- Leads to more structural components
What is compensatory hypertrophy?
One organ in a pair takes on the workload of the other due to loss of function/removal
Give 2 physiological examples of hypertrophy
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle of the pregnant uterus
Give 2 pathological examples of hypertrophy
- Cardiac muscle
- Prostate gland (causes hypertrophy of bladder smooth muscle)