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Term 3 > Movement Science Unit 7 Posture > Flashcards

Movement Science Unit 7 Posture Flashcards

1
Q

Why is Spine Stabilization important?

A
  • The spine is vulnerable
  • To protect articular surfaces
  • Prevent injury or reinjury
  • To facilitate healing
  • To decrease pain
  • To improve performance
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2
Q

Which muscles are crucial in providing lumbar spine stabilization?
Which muscles are affected as a result of LBP?

A
  • Lumbar Multifidus
  • Transverse Abdominis
  • Internal and External Obliques
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3
Q

What muscles are part of the Intrinsic Stabilization subsystems?

A
  • Multifidus
  • Transverse Abdominus
  • Diaphragm
  • Muscles of pelvic floor

Also:
- Internal Oblique
- Transversospinalis (Semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores)

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4
Q

What are signs of dysfunction with the intrinsic stabilization subsystem?

A
  • Abdominal Distension (abdomen expands)
  • Change in LPHC alignment
    –Excessive lordosis (APT)
    –Excessive Forward Lean
    –Asymmetrical Weight Shift
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5
Q

What Muscles are part of the Anterior Oblique Subsystem?

A
  • Adductors
  • External Oblique
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6
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction with the Anterior Oblique subsystem?

A
  • Change in LPHC or femoral alignment
    –Excessive Lordosis (APT)
    –Excessive Forward Lean
    –Genu Valgum
    –Asymmetrical weight shift
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7
Q

What muscles are part of the Posterior Oblique Subsystem?

A
  • Glute Max
  • Latissimus Dorsi
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8
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction with the Posterior Oblique subsystem?

A
  • Change in LPHC or Femoral Alignment
    –Excessive Forward Lean
    –Excessive Lordosis (APT)
    –Genu Valgum
    –Genu Varum
    –Asymmetrical Weight Shift
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9
Q

What muscles are part of the Lateral Subsystem?

A
  • QL
  • Glute Med
  • TFL
  • Adductors
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10
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction with the Lateral Subsystem?

A
  • Frontal Plane Changes in Pelvis or Hip Alignment
    –Genu Valgum
    –Genu Varum
    –Asymmetrical Weight Shift
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11
Q

What muscles are part of the Deep Longitudinal Subsystem?

A
  • Bicep Femoris
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Peroneus Longus

Also:
- Sacrotuberous Ligament

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12
Q

What is the difference between Global and Local muscles?

A

Global muscles only provide indirect stability to the spine

Local muscles provide segmental stability and must be addressed first

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the Lumbar Multifidus?

A

70% of stabilization comes from this muscle
The lumbar multifidus is the deepest posterior spinal muscle
- Unilaterally it would do trunk flexion, side bending and rotation of the opposite side
- Bilaterally it would extend the trunk and stabilize the vertebral column
More of a tonic muscle

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14
Q

How is the lumbar multifidus affected by LBP?

A

If you’ve had a hx of LBP, first time unilateral P!, these pt. had atrophy of the multifidus on the same side and the same segment as their acute unilateral LBP

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the Transverse Abdominus?

A

This is the deepest abdominal muscle
- This muscle is in charge of compression, support and protection for the abdomen
- This muscle is recruited prior to any other muscle when there is expected and unexpected loading of the spine

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16
Q

How is the Transverse Abdominus affected by LBP?

A
  • When it is no longer recruited first prior to loading of the spine
    (Global muscle were activated first)
  • This is going to result in a loss of stability to the spine and effect of the muscle itself
17
Q

What are the characteristics of the Internal Oblique?

A
  • The 2nd intermediate layer of the abdominals (Layer above transverse abdominus)
  • If pelvis is fixed, the IO would flex and rotate to the same side, if the trunk is fixed then IO would side bend and rotate to the opposite side. Also compress, supports and protects abdomen
18
Q

What is the definition of Neutral Spine?

A

The position in which an individual is most asymptomatic and the position in which an individual can produce the greatest amount of force through the extremities and the position in which an individual can best maintain balance and agility

19
Q

When observing a pts. Neutral spine, how do we look at their alignment?

A
  • Using a plumb line
  • Palpation, of boney landmarks
  • Vertical Compression
20
Q

When assessing Neutral spine, how do you assess strength and balance?

A
  • Force generation through the extremities
  • The ability to maintain balance
21
Q

When assessing Neutral spine, how do you assess Agility and Protective Mechanisms?

A
  • This is the ability to receive proprioceptive feedback and response with change in direction
22
Q

Once we have neural spine, how do we train the stabilization of muscles?

A

With co-contractions

23
Q

When training the stabilization of muscles, what positions can you place the patient in? What are the 4 Ss?

A
  • Prone
  • Quadruped
    A good place to start because there is no external load, and they inhibit the Rectus abdominus
  • Supine/hook lying

Progression to functional positions/postures; such as standing, squatting and sitting

The 4 Ss:
- Supported Posture
- Suspended Posture
- Stacked Posture
- Standing Posture

24
Q

When training for stabilization of muscles, how do you avoid substitutions?

A
  • Isolate the muscle
  • Avoid global muscle activation
  • Inspect the pt.
  • Palpate the muscle
  • Use pressure biofeedback unit
  • Use verbal and tactile cues
25
Q

What type of muscle type are the muscles of stabilization?

A

Type 1 fibers, Slow twitch

26
Q

How should you train the muscles of stabilization?

A

Endurance exercises
- Low load:Long durations
- Repeated bouts

27
Q

When training the muscles of stabilizations, how should the patient progress going from NWB to Proprioception?

A
  • NWB > WE
  • Nonfunctional > Functional positions
  • Simple movements > Complex
  • No external Loads > External Loads
  • Low Speed > High Speed
  • Local Muscle > Global Muscles
  • Proprioception

Term 3 (50 decks)

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