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Term 3 > CNS Lab Pt2 > Flashcards

CNS Lab Pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the paired structures of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Right Cerebral Hemisphere and Left Cerebral Hemisphere

The cerebral hemispheres consist of two paired structures that control different functions.

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2
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal cerebral fissure?

A

It separates the two hemispheres

The longitudinal cerebral fissure is a deep groove that divides the brain into left and right hemispheres.

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3
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

The largest group of myelinated nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres

The corpus callosum facilitates communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

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4
Q

How many lobes are there in each cerebral hemisphere?

A

Four lobes

The four lobes are frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.

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5
Q

What are the two specialized cortices found in the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Insular cortex and limbic cortex

These cortices play crucial roles in various emotional and sensory processes.

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6
Q

What functions are associated with the left cerebral hemisphere?

A
  • Movement of the right side of the body
  • Processing of sensory information from the right side
  • Visual reception from the right field
  • Visual verbal processing
  • Bilateral motor praxis
  • Verbal memory
  • Bilateral auditory reception
  • Speech
  • Processing of verbal auditory information

The left hemisphere is often associated with language and analytical functions.

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7
Q

What functions are associated with the right cerebral hemisphere?

A
  • Movement of the left side of the body
  • Processing of sensory information from the left side
  • Visual reception from the left field
  • Visual spatial processing
  • Left motor praxis
  • Nonverbal memory
  • Attention to incoming stimuli
  • Emotion
  • Processing of nonverbal auditory information
  • Interpretation of abstract information
  • Interpretation of tonal inflections

The right hemisphere is typically associated with creativity and holistic thought.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: The cerebral hemispheres are part of the _______.

A

telencephalon

The telencephalon is the most developed part of the brain and includes the cerebral hemispheres.

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9
Q

True or False: The cerebral hemispheres contain only gray matter.

A

False

The cerebral hemispheres consist of both gray matter (gyri and sulci) and white matter (myelinated nerve fibers).

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10
Q

What is the main function of the frontal lobe?

A

Involved in planning movements, controlling motor aspects of speech, and higher-order cognitive functions such as ideation and abstraction.

The frontal lobe also plays a role in emotion judgments.

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11
Q

Where is the frontal lobe located in relation to the parietal lobe?

A

Anterior to the parietal lobe, separated by the central sulcus.

The central sulcus is also known as Rolando’s sulcus.

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12
Q

What is the primary motor cortex and where is it located?

A

Pre-central gyrus; responsible for voluntary muscle activation.

This area is also referred to as Brodmann’s Area 4.

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13
Q

What is the role of the premotor cortex?

A

Enables planning of movements and controls motor aspects of speech.

Broca’s area is located in the premotor cortex (Brodmann’s Areas 44, 45).

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14
Q

What structures are included in the parietal lobe?

A

Postcentral gyrus, sensory association cortex, and parieto-occipital sulcus.

Brodmann’s Areas 3, 1, 2 correspond to the primary somatosensory cortex.

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15
Q

What is the primary function of the parietal lobe?

A

Integration and reception of sensation.

It plays a critical role in sensory processing.

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16
Q

What separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus.

This sulcus is important for delineating the boundaries of the lobes.

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17
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Processing auditory sensory input and comprehension of speech.

It is crucial for hearing and is located at the superior temporal gyrus.

18
Q

What areas are involved in auditory processing within the temporal lobe?

A

Primary auditory cortex (Brodmann’s Areas 41, 42) and Wernicke’s area (Brodmann’s Area 22).

Wernicke’s area is associated with language comprehension.

19
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation in the parietal lobe.

A

Postcentral gyrus

This corresponds to Brodmann’s Areas 3, 1, 2.

20
Q

True or False: The lateral fissure separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe.

A

True

The lateral fissure is also known as the Sylvian fissure.

21
Q

What lobe of the brain is primarily involved with vision?

A

Occipital Lobe

The occipital lobe is located at the posterior aspect of the brain.

22
Q

What is the function of the Calcarine Fissure?

A

Forms the upper boundary for the Para hippocampal gyrus

It begins above the occipital pole and joins the parietal-occipital sulcus.

23
Q

What area of the brain is known as Brodmann’s Area 17?

A

Primary Visual Cortex

This area is responsible for receiving and processing visual stimuli.

24
Q

What is the role of Brodmann’s Area 18?

A

Processes visual stimuli

This area is also known as the Secondary Visual Cortex.

25
Q

What does Brodmann’s Area 19 refer to?

A

Tertiary Visual Cortex

This area is involved in higher-level visual processing (Vision, color, motor depth)

26
Q

What is the main function of the brainstem?

A

Connection between spinal cord and brain

It houses all major sensory, motor, cerebellar, and cranial nerve pathways.

27
Q

What are the primary components of the midbrain?

A

Inferior and superior colliculi, crus cerebri

The midbrain connects the brainstem to the diencephalon.

28
Q

What are the Superior Colliculi responsible for?

A

Directing attention to visual stimuli, receiving visual information from retina and visual cortex, and somatosensory information

Located just below the thalamus and above the inferior colliculi.

29
Q

Where are the Inferior Colliculi located, and what is their primary function?

A

Located below the superior colliculi; they serve as the largest nuclei of hearing, converging all auditory pathways

They provide information regarding body position and sound, and play a role in vigilance to sound.

30
Q

Define the Obex.

A

The most caudal point in the fourth ventricle, where it drains CSF to the central canal of the spinal cord

Located at the foramen magnum.

31
Q

What is the Central Canal?

A

A CSF-filled canal that runs through the spinal cord, derived from the primitive neural tube

It is important for the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

32
Q

What does the Dorsal Median Sulcus do?

A

Divides spinal cord white matter into dorsal, lateral, and ventral funiculi on each side of the spinal cord

It is located on the posterior side of the spinal cord in the medulla oblongata.

33
Q

What is the Dorsal Intermedius Sulcus?

A

A narrowing between the dorsal median sulcus and the posterolateral sulci where the fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis can be seen

It helps in the organization of sensory pathways.

34
Q

What is the Fasciculus Cuneatus?

A

A part of the posterior columns carrying tactile and proprioceptive input from the upper limbs and trunk

It terminates in the nucleus cuneatus.

35
Q

What does the Cuneatus Tubercle house?

A

The nucleus cuneatus

It is a small bump in the medulla oblongata.

36
Q

What is the Fasciculus Gracilis?

A

The more medial part of the posterior columns carrying ascending fibers with input from lower extremities

It terminates in the nucleus gracilis.

37
Q

What is located in the Dorsal Root Ganglion?

A

Cell bodies of neurons

It is an enlarged area of the dorsal root.

38
Q

What does the Gray Matter in the spinal cord include?

A

Anterior and posterior horns united by the gray commissure with the central canal

It is responsible for processing and relaying signals.

39
Q

What comprises the White Matter in the spinal cord?

A

Anterior, lateral, and posterior columns or funiculi

It contains ascending sensory pathways and descending motor pathways.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: The dorsal and ventral roots are responsible for _______.

A

[Sensory and motor pathways]

Term 3 (44 decks)

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