Motivation/Emotion

Question 1

What 4 main factors cause motivation?

Answer 1

instincts, drive, arousal and needs

Question 2

What are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 2

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Question 3

What are 3 elements of emotion?

Answer 3

physiological response, behavioral response, cognitive response

Question 4

7 universal emotions

Answer 4

happy, sad, mad, fear, CONTEMPT, disgust, surprise

Question 5

Which part of frontal lobe = associated w/ pos emotions? neg emotions?

Answer 5

left prefrontal cortex = pos, right prefrontal cortex = neg

Question 6

approach-approach vs approach-avoidance vs avoidance-avoidance

Answer 6

picking b/w 2 good options vs picking b/w 1 good and 1 bad option vs picking b/w 2 bad options

Question 7

3 stages of general adaptation syndrome

Answer 7

Sequence of physiological responses:
alarm: inital rxn to stress (ACTH released –> cortisol released), resistance: continuous hormone release to fight stressor, exhaustion: body can’t maintain response

Question 8

What is overjustification?

Answer 8

When extrinsic value takes over intrinsic value

Question 9

How does long term stress lead to infection? Include epinephrine and cortisol

Answer 9

Too much epinephrine tells adrenal glands to secrete cortisol which inc glucose from glycogen –> no more glycogen leads to immune system not functioning

Question 10

Mesolimbic pathway aka reward pathway

Answer 10

dopamine = main neurotransmitter; nucleus accumbens –> medial forebrain bundle –> ventral tegmental area

Question 11

Primary vs secondary drives

Answer 11

Need for food, water, shelter, sustain bodily processes in homeostasis vs drives not directly related to bio processes; can stem from learning

Question 12

Dorsal prefrontal cortex vs ventral prefrontal cortex vs ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 12

Deals with attn and cognition vs connects brain regions associated with emotion vs role in decision making and controls emotional responses from amygdala

Question 13

Distress vs eustress. Social readjustment rating scale

Answer 13

Bad stress vs stress from pos conditions (ex: getting married, graduating). Measures stress level by “life change units”

Question 14

Examples of extrinsic vs intrinsic values

Answer 14

Achieve rewards and avoid punishments, seeking praise, getting a high score/grades, competition, tangible rewards vs interest, pure enjoyment

Question 15

Know Yerkes-Dodson Law of social facilitation graph

Answer 15

X axis = arousal, y axis = performance; bell shaped curve: going up = increasing attn and interest, apex = optimal performance and arousal, going down = impaired performance cuz strong anxiety. ppl do better on simple tasks (ie. familiar tasks) and do worse on complex tasks (ie. unfamiliar tasks) when being watched

Question 16

Justification of effort

Answer 16

involves inc valuation of an activity, person, or object due to the time and energy one invested in it

Question 17

Acute vs microstressor vs crisis vs ambient stressors

Answer 17

Over a short period of time vs something small and a hassle like traffic vs rare, sudden like natural disaster vs chronic and environmental, not likely to change like bad economy or climate change