10. Social behavior

Question 1

cognitive neoassociation model for aggression. Causes for aggression?

Answer 1

we’re more aggressive if we’re in neg emotions
Intent to harm, social dominance, high testosterone, increased amygdala activity and decreased prefrontal cortex activity (prefrontal cortex puts the brakes on amygdala)

Question 2

secure vs avoidant vs ambivalent vs disorganized attachment

Answer 2

child can explore when caregiver is their safety net vs caregiver responds too little or none to distressed child vs caregivers responds inconsistently to distressed child vs no clear pattern in child’s behavior in caregiver’s presence or absence
The 1st 3 = main attachments by Ainsworth, 4th attachment from her colleague Mary Main

Question 3

Social supports: emotional vs esteem vs material/tangible vs informational vs network

Answer 3

Empathy, “i’m sorry” vs reminding their skills to boost confidence (ex: “you got this!”) vs giving financial or material contribution (ex: makes a meal, donates) vs giving info (ex: explaining dx and tx to pts, “here’s some advice”) vs group activities, sense of belonging

Question 4

Altruism. Empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer 4

caring and helping welfare of people. We help others cuz we empathize w/ them

Question 5

Behavioral cues: consistent vs consensus vs distinctiveness cues

Answer 5

consistent behavior vs matches others’ behavior vs use similar behavior in similar situations

Question 6

Stereotype threat vs self fulfilling prophecy vs stereotype boost

Answer 6

when people are scared/anxious to confirm a neg stereotype –> dec in performance vs a stereotype’s expectations has been confirmed vs presence of stereotype inc performance of individual who is in line w/ that stereotype

Question 7

Prejudice vs discrimination

Answer 7

having pos or neg attitudes about someone or something, developing an opinion on something/someone based on their perceived group membership w/o knowledge or consideration of relevant facts vs acting on that negative attitude

Question 8

Individual discrimination vs institutional discrimination

Answer 8

one person being discriminating vs an institution being discriminating

Question 9

Utilitarian vs normative vs coercive organizations

Answer 9

members = paid for efforts vs members come together for shared goals (ex: religious groups) vs members don’t have choice about membership (ex: prison, military)

Question 10

Bureaucratization

Answer 10

when organization becomes increasingly governed by law and policy

Question 11

Racial profiling

Answer 11

Unfair suspicion of crimes based on racial identity

Question 12

Dispositional (internal) theory vs situational (external) theory vs correspondent inference theory vs fundamental attribution error

Answer 12

Person’s behavior is based on their attributes vs person’s behavior is based on their context vs describe attributions based on their observation of others’ behavior vs bias toward dispositional than situational theory, especially in neg contexts

Question 13

Reciprocal liking vs proximity vs mere exposure effect/familiarity effect for interpersonal attraction

Answer 13

People like others better when they think those others like them vs we’re attracted to people when we’re physically close to someone (ex: being friends in same dorm or same class) vs people prefer stimuli that they’ve been exposed to more frequently (hence the reason for proximity)

Question 14

Mate choice/intersexual selection vs mate bias. Direct vs indirect benefits

Answer 14

Selecting a mate based on attraction vs being choosy when looking for a mate. Provide material advantages, emotional support and protection vs provide better survival of offspring

Question 15

5 mechanisms of mate choice: phenotypic benefits vs sensory bias vs Fisherian/runaway selection vs indicator traits vs genetic compatibility

Answer 15

Observable traits that make a potential mate look attractive vs developing a trait to match a preexisting preference in a pop vs a certain trait that has no effect or neg effect becomes exaggerated over time (ex: peacocks) vs traits that signify overall good health, may or may not be genetic vs mate pairs will have complimentary genetics —> minimize recessive genetic d/o

Question 16

Strategic alternatives for socially influenced competitors: altruism vs spite vs cooperation vs selfishness

Answer 16

Donor gives benefit to recipient vs both donor and recipient = neg impacted vs both donor and recipient = benefitted vs donor benefits while recipient = neg impacted

Question 17

Inclusive fitness

Answer 17

Measuring success of organism in a pop; based on number, ability and success of offspring

Question 18

Primacy vs recency effect in impression bias

Answer 18

First impression = more impt than subsequent impressions vs most recent impression = more impt than former impressions

Question 19

Self serving (attributional) bias vs actor-observer bias

Answer 19

Individuals view their own success based on internal factors (ie. Good behavior and traits) and view their failures based on external factors (ie. Situational) vs actors attribute their actions based on dispositional factors, while observers attribute ppl’s action based on situational constraints instead of dispositional ones

Question 20

Just world hypothesis

Answer 20

In a just world, good ppl get good things and bad ppl get bad things (aka karma)

Question 21

Attribute substitution

Answer 21

When individuals have to make judgments on something complex, they tend to stick to a simpler substitution or apply a heuristic

Question 22

Paternalistic vs contemptuous vs envious vs admiration stereotypes

Answer 22

Group is looked down upon, inferior, ignored vs group is viewed with resentment or annoyance vs group is viewed with jealousy, bitterness or distrust vs groups is viewed with pride and pos feelings

Question 23

Power vs prestige vs class vs privilege

Answer 23

Ability for ppl or groups to achieve their goals despite obstacles vs level of respect to a person by others, reputation of individual moving from low to high SES vs socioeconomic status vs entitlement or advantage not earned but used for individuals’ benefit

Question 24

Ethnocentrism vs cultural relativism

Answer 24

Judging actions of another based on one’s own culture vs accepting actions of another based on that other’s culture

Question 25

Social perception/Social cognition

Answer 25

How we generate impression of ppl in our social environment; includes perceiver, their target and situation (ie. Social context)

Question 26

Reliance on central traits vs halo effect

Answer 26

Organizing perception of others based on target’s traits that are most relevant to perceiver vs judgment on individual is based on perceiver’s overall impression of the individual (if individual has good impression —> individual can do not wrong, if individual has bad impression —> individual sucks no matter what)