8. Socialization Flashcards
What is socialization?
Process in which people learn norms and values of society to successfully function in society
What’s Yerkes-Dodson Law of social facilitation? Know the graph
you’re better at doing simpler tasks and worse at doing complex tasks when you’re being watched. X axis = arousal, y axis = performance; bell shaped curve: going up = increasing attn and interest, apex = optimal performance and arousal, going down = impaired performance cuz strong anxiety
Social loafing
putting in less effort in a group
Identity shift effect vs cognitive dissonance
when a person conforms after feeling threatened by social rejection (happens in peer pressure) vs simultaneous presence of 2 opposing thoughts
Groupthink. Be aware of the 8 factors
when a group comes together to fix a poor decision. Illusion of morality, invulnerability (optimism and encourage taking risks) and unanimity, self-censorship, excessive stereotyping (using stereotypes against outside opinions), collective rationalization (ignoring warnings against ideas of group), pressure of conformity, mindguards (appoint members to protect opposing views)
Culture, culture shock, culture assimilation
set of beliefs and values that are characteristic to a group of people. When someone is dramatically surprised at one’s culture. When a group’s culture begins to melt into that of another group by adopting elements of the other culture, can relinquish old norms
primary vs secondary socialization and anticipatory socialization vs resocialization
children learn acceptable attitudes and values typically from parents, occurs only in childhood vs learn acceptable behavior outside of home vs getting ready for new changes in job, home or relationships vs forgetting old culture and take in new culture
norms vs mores vs sanctions vs taboo vs stigma
rules that define boundaries of acceptable behavior vs widely accepted social norms that govern moraltiy/ethics, result from socialization vs penalties of misconduct or rewards for behavior vs socially unacceptable vs extreme disapproval/dislike of person or group based on perceived differences from rest of society
labeling theory vs differential association theory vs strain theory
when you label somone, it affects their self esteem vs deviance = learned thru interaction of others vs deviance = natural rxn when there’s a disconnect between social goals and social structure (ex. American dream - goal is good but the structure doesn’t guarantee education or opportunity needed to reach that goal); by Merton
conformity vs compliance vs obedience - social influences on behavior
fitting in vs agreeing to a direct request vs agreeing to a direct request under authority figure
foot in the door vs door in the face vs lowball vs that’s not all techniques for compliance
make a small request and if accepted, make a bigger request; sometimes make a request of related behavior vs make a big request and if rejected, make a small request vs offer request and they accept but turns out there’s more cost; sometimes make a harder request for same behavior vs offer request and then tell em it’s better than expected (but wait, there’s more!)
What’s attitude and what are the 3 components of attitude?
expression of pos or neg feelings towards something; affective (emotion), behavioral (acts), cognitive (thinks) => ABC
Functional attitudes theory
attitude serves 4 functions: knowledge, ego expression, ego defense, adaptation
knowledge vs ego expression vs ego defense vs adaptation of attitude theory
attitudes organize thoughts/experience vs attitudes communicate our self identity vs attitudes protects and justify self esteem vs attitudes accept others socially
Deindividuation vs group repolarization
group’s mentality overshadows individual’s mentality –> “got carried away” vs group’s decision = more extreme than individ’s decision
Learning theory of attitude
attitude is gained thru different forms of learning: direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction, conditioning
Internalization vs identification for conformity
changing your behavior to fit a group’s idea while privately agreeing to that idea vs accepting ideas w/o personally taking them
Elaboration likelihood model and 2 processings involved
separate individs on how they eval info; truthfulness of msg doesn’t cause persuasion, but the length of msg and attractiveness of msg deliverer cause persuasion. Central route processing = deep thinking of info (high elab; think of voter being swayed by cogent arguments) and peripheral route processing = superficial details of info (low elab; think of voter being swayed by charisma)
What’s deviance?
act or behavior that goes against social norms, tends to lead to stigmatization; does not necessarily imply judgment
Cultural learning aka cultural transmission vs cultural diffusion
A manner in which society socialized its members vs spreading norms, values and beliefs throughout the culture
Multiculturalism vs subcultures
Encouragement of multiple cultures within community to enhance diversity vs group of ppl within a culture that distinguishes themselves from primary culture
Social action vs social interaction
Effects of a group on an individual’s behavior vs effects of multiple individuals have on each other
Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment
Recruited 21 male college students for role play. All participants role played “guards” and “prisoners” realistically and experiment had to end early cuz “guards” were abusing “prisoners” —> deindividuation and internalization
Formal vs Informal learning
Learning set of skills like reading, writing, math, etc vs Learning a set of skills that aren’t so obvious (ex: competition thru grades, patriotism thru pledge of allegiance)
