12. Social class Flashcards
social mobility. Factors affecting social mobility
one being promoted due to great skill. Meritocracy; absolute and relative poverty DON’T AFFECT social mobility at all
intragenerational vs intergenerational changes/mobilities in social status
happen in one person’s lifetime, less common vs happen from parent to child, more common
vertical vs horizontal mobility
going up (ie. upward mobility) or down (ie. downward mobility) in social class/SES vs change in occupation or lifestyle in same social class/SES
social reproduction and factors affecting it
social class or social inequalities is passed down from one generation to next. Social and cultural capital
absolute vs relative poverty
people = poor b/c they don’t make enough money or have enough resources for BASIC LIVING/NEEDS (ie. Only basic resources can determine criteria for absolute poverty, not econ) vs people have less money compared to other ppl in population, usually make less than 20% of median income
BOTH DONT RELATE TO SOCIAL MOBILITY; they can show social mobility or not at all
social exclusion vs social isolation
feeling powerlessness when poor individuals are segregated or isolated from society vs complete or near complete lack of contact w others in society
incidence vs prevalence
Total # of NEW cases divided by at risk pop (not including the pop who already have the illness) in a period of time vs total # of cases divided by total pop during a period of time
morbidity vs mortality
degree of illness associated w/ dz vs # of deaths caused by a dz
Spatial inequality
Social stratification across territories and their pops
Class consciousness vs false consciousness
When org of working class with shared goals promote need for political action vs misperception of one’s actual position in society (ex: working class may not realize how worse other ppl may face —> clouded judgment)
Marxist theory
Have nots aka proletariats could overthrow the haves aka bourgeoisie
Social capital vs cultural capital
Refers to benefits gained from group association, gained resources b/c of social connections vs benefits gained from knowledge, abilities and skills. Both contribute to social reproduction
Strong ties vs weak ties
Peer group with strong kinship contacts, quantitatively small but qualitatively big vs peer group with superficial bonds, quantitatively big but qualitatively small
Meritocracy vs plutocracy for social mobility
Based on intellectual talent and achievement —> move up in social ladder, usually a big social mobility vs ruled by upper classes
Suburbanization vs urban decay vs urban renewal vs gentrification
Migration pattern of middle class to suburban communities vs previously functional portion of a city deteriorates and becomes decrepit over time vs reverse of urban decay: city land is renovated for public and private use vs when upper and middle class pop buys and renovated neighborhoods in deteriorated areas –> urban renewal; inc social stratification, inc displacdment of low income fam, inc tax-base for local gov’t, there’s no affordable housing –> inc influx of affluent groups,
World system theory vs core nations vs peripheral nations vs semi-peripheral nations
Categorized countries and emphasized inequalities of division of labor at global lvl vs focus on higher skills and higher pay productions vs lower skilled productions vs in between core and peripheral: working towards core but have characteristics of peripheral
Anomie
State of normlessness —> extreme individualism, social inequality and isolation
Environmental injustice
Uneven distribution of environmental hazards in communities –> so ppl = gonna fight to live in areas where there are no environ hazards
Socioeconomic status (SES). intersectionality
based on a combination of factors: social group, income, or education. SES analyses often show racial disparities and inequalities
describes the interconnected nature of oppressed groups –> overlapping and compounding disadvantages for individuals (ex: a person of color belongs to a certain oppressed group –> have a low SES, which also makes them an oppressed group)
Prestige vs privilege
reputation an individual with a high SES has and can be a result of either ascribed or achieved status vs entitlement or advantage that is unearned and can be used to an individual’s benefit
Descriptive epidemiology vs Analytical epidemiology
focuses on observational data collection and describes disease distribution or frequency by using case or ecological studies vs focuses on experimental data collection and searches for cause and effect relationships through the use of case-control studies, randomized clinical studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies.
Subsistence farming vs food desert
when an individual or family grow enough food to survive vs refers to an area, typically in a highly populated lower-income urban environment, where healthy, fresh food is difficult to find
