12. Social class

Question 1

social mobility. Factors affecting social mobility

Answer 1

one being promoted due to great skill. Meritocracy; absolute and relative poverty DON’T AFFECT social mobility at all

Question 2

intragenerational vs intergenerational changes/mobilities in social status

Answer 2

happen in one person’s lifetime, less common vs happen from parent to child, more common

Question 3

vertical vs horizontal mobility

Answer 3

going up (ie. upward mobility) or down (ie. downward mobility) in social class/SES vs change in occupation or lifestyle in same social class/SES

Question 4

social reproduction and factors affecting it

Answer 4

social class or social inequalities is passed down from one generation to next. Social and cultural capital

Question 5

absolute vs relative poverty

Answer 5

people = poor b/c they don’t make enough money or have enough resources for BASIC LIVING/NEEDS (ie. Only basic resources can determine criteria for absolute poverty, not econ) vs people have less money compared to other ppl in population, usually make less than 20% of median income
BOTH DONT RELATE TO SOCIAL MOBILITY; they can show social mobility or not at all

Question 6

social exclusion vs social isolation

Answer 6

feeling powerlessness when poor individuals are segregated or isolated from society vs complete or near complete lack of contact w others in society

Question 7

incidence vs prevalence

Answer 7

Total # of NEW cases divided by at risk pop (not including the pop who already have the illness) in a period of time vs total # of cases divided by total pop during a period of time

Question 8

morbidity vs mortality

Answer 8

degree of illness associated w/ dz vs # of deaths caused by a dz

Question 9

Spatial inequality

Answer 9

Social stratification across territories and their pops

Question 10

Class consciousness vs false consciousness

Answer 10

When org of working class with shared goals promote need for political action vs misperception of one’s actual position in society (ex: working class may not realize how worse other ppl may face —> clouded judgment)

Question 11

Marxist theory

Answer 11

Have nots aka proletariats could overthrow the haves aka bourgeoisie

Question 12

Social capital vs cultural capital

Answer 12

Refers to benefits gained from group association, gained resources b/c of social connections vs benefits gained from knowledge, abilities and skills. Both contribute to social reproduction

Question 13

Strong ties vs weak ties

Answer 13

Peer group with strong kinship contacts, quantitatively small but qualitatively big vs peer group with superficial bonds, quantitatively big but qualitatively small

Question 14

Meritocracy vs plutocracy for social mobility

Answer 14

Based on intellectual talent and achievement —> move up in social ladder, usually a big social mobility vs ruled by upper classes

Question 15

Suburbanization vs urban decay vs urban renewal vs gentrification

Answer 15

Migration pattern of middle class to suburban communities vs previously functional portion of a city deteriorates and becomes decrepit over time vs reverse of urban decay: city land is renovated for public and private use vs when upper and middle class pop buys and renovated neighborhoods in deteriorated areas –> urban renewal; inc social stratification, inc displacdment of low income fam, inc tax-base for local gov’t, there’s no affordable housing –> inc influx of affluent groups,

Question 16

World system theory vs core nations vs peripheral nations vs semi-peripheral nations

Answer 16

Categorized countries and emphasized inequalities of division of labor at global lvl vs focus on higher skills and higher pay productions vs lower skilled productions vs in between core and peripheral: working towards core but have characteristics of peripheral

Question 17

Anomie

Answer 17

State of normlessness —> extreme individualism, social inequality and isolation

Question 18

Environmental injustice

Answer 18

Uneven distribution of environmental hazards in communities –> so ppl = gonna fight to live in areas where there are no environ hazards

Question 19

Socioeconomic status (SES). intersectionality

Answer 19

based on a combination of factors: social group, income, or education. SES analyses often show racial disparities and inequalities
describes the interconnected nature of oppressed groups –> overlapping and compounding disadvantages for individuals (ex: a person of color belongs to a certain oppressed group –> have a low SES, which also makes them an oppressed group)

Question 20

Prestige vs privilege

Answer 20

reputation an individual with a high SES has and can be a result of either ascribed or achieved status vs entitlement or advantage that is unearned and can be used to an individual’s benefit

Question 21

Descriptive epidemiology vs Analytical epidemiology

Answer 21

focuses on observational data collection and describes disease distribution or frequency by using case or ecological studies vs focuses on experimental data collection and searches for cause and effect relationships through the use of case-control studies, randomized clinical studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies.

Question 22

Subsistence farming vs food desert

Answer 22

when an individual or family grow enough food to survive vs refers to an area, typically in a highly populated lower-income urban environment, where healthy, fresh food is difficult to find