more particle practice Flashcards
Ni
location marker, time particle, movement, purpose
there is a police officer at the station
eki ni keisatsukan ga imasu
there is a dog at my house
watashi no uchi ni inu ga imasu
there is a cat in your car
anata no kuruma ni neko ga imasu
there is a teacher at the school
gakko ni sensei ga imasu
ken lives in london
ken ha rondon ni sunde imasu
ken works for a bank
ken ha ginko ni tsutomete ga imasu
there is a cat under the table
teberu no shita ni neko ga imasu
there is a convenience store on the right
migi te ni konbini ga arimasu
at 7 o’clock
shichi-ji ni
on monday
getsuyobi ni
i wake up at 7 o’clock
shichi-ji ni okimasu
i’ll leave on monday
getsuyobi ni shuppatsu o shimasu
ni cannot follow relative time expressions
such as: this week, this month, this year
i’m going to japan in june
roku-gatsu Nihon ni ikimasu
I’ll clean on monday
getsuyobi ni soji o shimasu
i have an appointment at 5 o’clock
go-ji ni yakusoku ga arimasu
The particle “de” で
で : a case particle used to refer to a cause or reason of something. In the example, this is used after “shigoto” to indicate what makes “watashi” tired.
Example: kyou watashi wa shigoto de tsukareta
I’m frustrated because of work
shigoto de haragatatsu
Happy
Ureshii
appointment
yakusoku
police officer
keisatsukan
stressed
sutoresu
i am stressed because of work.
shigoto de sutoresu
I’m tired because of work
Shigoto de tsukarete
Last minute
Girigiri
you are not allowed to drink this water
kono mizu o nonde ha ikemasen
you are allowed to drink this water
kono mizu o nonde mo ii desu
you are allowed to turn on the television
terebi o tsukete mo ii desu
you are not allowed to sit
suwate ha ikemasen
Continuous actions or states sentence form
Te imasu
My father works for a bank
Watashi no chi chi ha ginko ni tsutomete imasu.
I have a camera
Kamera o motte imasu
Do you know the hospital’s number?
Biyoin no Denwa bango o shitteimasu ka?
I am studying
Watashi ha benkiyo shite imasu
Sentence pattern for describing someone
Ha-ga-desu
Or…no-ha-desu
Brooks’ hair is very pretty
Brooks San ha kami ga kirei desu
Brooks’ nose is big
Brooks-san ha Hana ga okii desu
I will go see a movie tomorrow
Watashi eiga o mimasu ni ikimasu
Daisuke went to buy a book
Daisuke-San hon o kaimono ni ikimashita
Sentence structure used to connect two adjectives together.
Remove the last “i” and replace with Ku te (くて)
Yesterday I bought a cheep and delicious cake
Kino oishikute yasui keki o kaimashita
The Japanese teacher is kind and interesting
Nihongo no sensei ha yasashikute omoshiroi desu
I speak japanese
nihongo o hanashimasu
When is “no ga” generally used?
With verbs. Use のが with the dictionary/short VERBS form to express that you would like the idea of doing “X”. Usually used in phrases used to describe likes and dislikes, skills and capabilities.
example: nihongo o benkiyousuru no ga suki desu
Michiko is good at cooking / making dishes.
michiko-san ha riyori o tsukuru no ga jiyouzu.
I’m good at driving a car
watashi ha kuruma o untensuru no ga toku ii desu
when to use tokuii
use tokuii when referring to yourself as being skillful at doing something…not jiyouzu.
Using “が” as a new piece of information
Use in place of “は” when asking for information that you don’t already know, or providing an answer that includes new information.
example:
question: “dono kurasu ga omoshiroi desu ka?”
answer: “nihongo kurasu ga omoshiroi desu.”
Nani ka / nani mo
nani ka - something / anything
when using this form, the particles が,は, を can be omitted.
example- “nani ka” nomimasu ka
Are you going to drink SOMETHING?
nani mo - nothing
iie “nani mo” nomimasen (I will drink nothing)
Did you eat anything this morning?
Kesa nani ka tabemashita ka?
How do you quote someone?
To itte imashita
Sue said “ I have an exam tomorrow”
Sue-san ha “ashita tesuto ga arimasu” to itte imashita
Please bring your textbook tomorrow because we will use it every day.
Ashita kiyokashiyo o motte kudasai, mainichi tsukaimasu kara.
Lets go by bus because taxis are more expensive
Basu ni norimashiyou, takushi wa takai kara.
I am studying tonight because I have a test tomorrow.
Konban benkiyoshimasu ashita tesuto ga arimasu kara.
This bank is closed today because today is Sunday.
Kiyou kono ginko wa yasumi, kiyo wa nichiyobi kara.
I won’t go to school because today is a holiday.
Gakko ni ikimasen kiyou wa yasumi kara.
Please come tomorrow because I am busy today.
Ashita kite kudasai, kiyou wa isogashi kara.
I am at home
Uchi ni imasu