Japanese 115 week 2 vocabulary Flashcards
yomu - change to potential form
yomeru (can read)
tsukuru - change to potential form
tsukureru (can make)
obaeru - change to potential form
Obae rareru (can memorize)
kiru - change to potential form
kirareru (can come)
hataraku - change to potential form
hatarakeru (can work)
hairu - change to potential form
haireru (can enter)
harau - change to potential form
haraeru (can pay)
hashiru - change to potential form
hashireru (can run)
kaku - change to potential form
kakeru (can write)
yameru - change to potential form
yamera reru (can quit)
asobu - change to potential form
asoberu (can play)
utau - change to potential form
utaeru (can sing)
kaeru - change to potential form
kaereru (can come)
matsu - change to potential form
materu (can wait)
suru - change to potential form
dekiru (can do)
hanasu - change to potential form
hanaseru
oyogu - change to potential form
oyogeru (can swim)
akeru - change to potential form
akera reru (can open)
kaesu - change to potential form
kaeseru (can return an item)
neru - change to potential form
nerareru (can sleep)
sentence pattern for two or more reasons
(reason 1) shi, (reason 2) shi, (situation)
No, I cannot buy a car yet because I am a student and I don’t have money.
iie, gakusei shi, okane ga nai shi, mada karuma ga kaemasen
difference between “ga nai” and “jya nai”
ga nai = (I) do not have
jya nai = it is not
sentence pattern for something looks like/ how to express an inference based on direct observation
take the stem of a verb (remove masu form) and add “sou desu”
example:
okite = okisou desu
taberu = tabesou desu
this cake looks delicious
kono keki wa oishisou desu
it seems like the baby will wake up
akachan wa okisou desu
baby
akachan
looks like its going to rain
ame ga furisou desu
this sushi looks delicious
kono sushi ha oishisou desu
this hotel looks expensive
kono hoteru ha takaisou desu
these shoes look cheap
kono kutsu ha yasuisou desu
it looks like the weather will be fine this tuesday
kaiyoubi tenki ga yosa sou desu
It looked like yoshiki was fine
yoshiki-san ha genkisou deshita
it looks like the festival is lively
omatsuri ha nigiyakasou desu
it looks like my mother is free
okasan ha himasou desu
it looks like it won’t rain
ame ga furisou jya na sou desu
sentence pattern for it DOESN’T look like something is going to…
“jya nai sou desu”
sentence pattern for “to try something”
te miru
to try and eat it
tabetemiru
yesterday I tried sushi for the first time
kino sushi o hajimete o tabetemiru
I want to go to japan by myself and try it
hitori de nihon ni itte mitai desu
if you try it, it’s easy!
yatte miru to kantan desu
it felt good when i touched it
sabatte mitara kimochi ga yokatta desu
if your head hurts, why don’t you sleep?
atama ga itai na ra, nette mita ra dou desu ka
” na ra “ particle
if you are this, then do this…
example: samui na ra kore o kite kudasai
=if its cold, please put this on.
i am riding a bike
watashi wa jitenshya ni notteimasu
i am not riding a bike
watashi wa jitenshya ni norimasen
i am buying juice with my credit card
kaado de jusu ga kaimasu
yobu - change to potential form
yoberu (can call)
taberu - change to potential form
taberareru (can eat)
how to make the potential form…
change verb to “ge” ending then add “ru”
example: oyogu …oyogeru
now…to change it to can’t swim take off the “ru” and replace with “nai”
example: oyogenai
suru and kuru are way different.
suru becomes “dekiru” and kuru becomes “korareru” (or koreru)
important note when changing to potential forms and group 2 verbs…
example: taberu to taberareru. In this case, most japanese people drop the “ra” and just say tabereru.
sentence structure with two or more reasons.
(reason 1) shi, (reason 2) shi, situation desu.
yes, I had a great summer break because I went to hokkaido and I went to tokyo too,
hai hokkaido ni itta shi, tokyo ni itta shi, totemo tanoshi natsu yasumi deshita
Yes, I want to go to okinawa soon because the food there is delicious and the ocean there is beautiful.
hai, tabemono ga oishii shi, umi ga utsukushi shi hayaku okinawa ni ikitai desu.
no, I cannot buy a car yet because i am a student and i don’t have money.
iie, watashi ha gakusei shi, okane ganai shi kuruma o kaimasen.
looks good
yosa sou desu
change to “looks like”
-are ha amari oishi ku nai
are ha amari oishi ku na sa sou desu
-whenever you have the “nai” (denoting “does not”) replace “nai” with “na sa sou desu”.
change to “looks like”
-kono inu genki jyanai
kono inu genki jya na so desu
happy
ureshii
happiness
shiawase
ghost
obake
have you ever seen a ghost???
obake o mita koto ga arimasu ka
farmer
noufu
instead
kawari ni
always
itsumo
I will go to the store instead of work.
watshi ha mise ni iku kawari ni shigoto.
I have been a nurse for 14 years
watashi ha ju yon nenkan kangoshi o shite imasu.
when / when it happens
nattara
when i become and old man
watashi ha rojin ni nattara.
everytime I eat sushi
watashi ha itsumo sushi o tabemasu
we always speak japanese in class.
kurasu de wa itsumo nihongo hanashite imasu
i am frustrated.
watashi ha iraira shite imasu
to play
hiku
can you play piano?
ピアノがじょうずにひけマスカ（引くますか）piano ga jiyouzu ni hikemasu ka?
can play
hikeru
can you sing Japanese songs?
nihon no uta ga utaimasu ka?
when we’re in class we always speak in japanese
kurasu itsumo nihongo o hanshiteimasu
on weekeends, we always go to the cafe
shumatsu ha itsumo cafe ni ikimasu
why do you not call?
denwa o kake tara doudesu ka?
