Molecular Defects in Diabetes Mellitus-015

Question 1

How does ketoacidosis devolop in T2DM ?

Answer 1

Muscle, liver and fat turn to other energy sources such as fatty acid. Increases production of acetyl CoA - condensed into ketone bodies which acidify the blood. ketoacidosis

Question 2

How does osmotic diuresis devolop in T2DM ?

Answer 2

Question 3

What are “Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEP)” and how do they accur in DM ?

Answer 3

Characteristic Features of Diabetes Mellitus-II :

When present at high levels in the circulation the glucose can covalently link to proteins in the blood or on walls of blood vessels, a process known as glycation. Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEP)

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

MHC II alleles relevant to T1DM ?

Answer 7

Type 1 diabetes higher in individuals with DQA301 allele or DRB1401 allele

Question 8

Possible Treatments for Type I DM ?

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

• The high levels of insulin have other consequences – e.g.
stimulation of some cells of the sympathetic nervous system leading to hypertension.

• In some cases it may increase androgen production by ovaries which contributes to the hormonal disturbances seen in polycystic ovary syndrome – which may include masculinisation.

Question 12

Mitochondrial Diabetes ?

Answer 12

Question 13

Gestational Diabetes ?

Answer 13