ESR [002] The hypothalamo-pituitary axis Flashcards

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8
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PAS stain ?

A

Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) is a staining method used to detect polysaccharides such as glycogen, and mucosubstances such as glycoproteins, glycolipids and mucins in tissues.

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9
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Heterodimeric means ?

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a protein composed of two polypeptide chains differing in composition in the order, number, or kind of their amino acid residues.

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10
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Composition of TSH, LH & FSH ?

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11
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Composition of ACTH ?

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12
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What’s POMC ?

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proopiomelanocortin ; The POMC gene provides instructions for making a protein called proopiomelanocortin (POMC), which is cut (cleaved) into smaller pieces called peptides that have different functions in the body. The peptides attach (bind) to one of several proteins in different regions of the body, and this binding triggers signaling pathways that control many important functions.

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13
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Composition of ACTH ?

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14
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Composition of GH & PRL ?

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19
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Explain the Dual Control of GH Secretion

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23
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Effect of Chronic stress on overriding the negative Feedback of ant.pituitary ?

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24
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3 types of Pituitary dysfunction ?

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A. Functional disconnection of the pituitary gland

B. Hyposecretion of anterior pituitary hormones

C. Hypersecretion of selected anterior pituitary hormones

25
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What can cause Functional disconnection of the pituitary gland ?
Discuss

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26
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What can cause Hyposecretion of anterior pituitary hormones ?
Discuss

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  • Adenohypophyseal cells sensitive to irradiation particularly somatotrophs
  • Hyposecretion of individual anterior pituitary hormones - rare
27
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What can cause Hypersecretion of selected anterio pituitary hormones ?
Discuss

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28
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Why is ectopic ACTH not suppressed by cortisol?

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30
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explain the steps of oxytocin release

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32
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Composition of Oxytocin ?

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Oxytocin is a nine amino acid peptide , Oxytocin differs from antidiuretic hormone in two of the nine amino acids

33
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Other tissues that secrete Oxytocin ?

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ovaries and testes

34
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How is Oxytocin and other antidiuretics secreted ?

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Both hormones are packaged into granules and secreted along with carrier proteins called neurophysins

35
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Cellular Actions of Oxytocin ?

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A. Stimulation of milk ejection

B. Stimulates uterine smooth muscle contractions at birth

C. Establishment of maternal behavior

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37
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Explain the Role of Neural reflex in oxytocin secretion

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41
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What’s the Fergusson reflex ?

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It is a neuroendocrine reflex where pressure of the head of the fetus over the cervix stimulates oxytocin release and subsequent uterine contractions

42
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Explain the Suckling reflex

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-The act of nursing or suckling is relayed within a few milliseconds to the brain via a spinal reflex arc.

-These signals impinge on oxytocin-secreting neurons, leading to release of oxytocin