ESR (013) Endocrine Gland Histology (Pituitary and Adrenal Glands)

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Pituitary microscopy ; what’s the diagnosis ?

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Pituitary adenoma

Microscopy:
-Monomorphic cells

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Sequence of events to production and storage of Posterior Pituitary hormones

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What is the predominant and least cells in the pars distalis?

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Pituitary cell types EM ; identify

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Pituitary cell types EM ; identify

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…..(Pituitary cell type) also have many granules, but they tend to be limited more to the periphery of the cells

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Thyrotrophs

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….(Pituitary cell type) are larger and have granules of different sizes although there are typically fewer than in the somatotrophs and thyrotrophs

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Gonadotrophs

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…..(Pituitary cell type) have the least abundant granules

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Corticotrophs

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What’s the Endoscopic transphenoidal approach ?

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Adrenal microscopy ; decribe cell morphology and identify which zone is this

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Which adrenal part it’s cells is with abundant cytoplasm; non-homogeneous that is variably basophilic, granular and vacuolated → mottled appearance, although it may be amphophilic or eosinophilic

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explain

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Complications of Adrenomedullary Hypofunction ?

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Failure to synthesise and/or secrete catecholamines results in hypotension and hypoglycaemia (rare)

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Define Phaeochromocytoma

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A neuroendocrine tumour of the medulla of the adrenal glands (originating in the chromaffin cells).

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From where do Phaeochromocytomas arise ?

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Phaeochromocytomas arise from chromaffin cells that are located outside of the adrenal gland. In this case, they are termed extra-adrenal phaeochromocytomas or paragangliomas and are usually located in the abdomen

Question 58

Methods of Treating Phaeochromocytoma ?
Discuss

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