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ESR > ESR[036]: Endocrine Control of Calcium Homeostasis > Flashcards

ESR[036]: Endocrine Control of Calcium Homeostasis Flashcards

1
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2
Q

Which types(s) of serum Ca 2+ is biologically active ??

A

Only free, ionized Ca 2 + is biologically active

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3
Q

……are the differentiated bone forming cells and secrete bone matrix on which Ca ++and PO4 precipitate.

A

Osteoblasts

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4
Q

Inorganic bone is composed of….. & organic matrix is composed primarily of……

A

hydroxyapatite , collagen

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5
Q

Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin plasma levels are indicators of…….. activity

A

osteoblast

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6
Q

Requirements of mineralization ?

A

• Requires adequate Calcium and phosphate

• Dependent on Vitamin D

• Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin play roles in bone formation

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7
Q

Two groups of people with - and
+ calcium balances ?

A

• In growing children: intestinal absorption > renal excretion (+ve balance) ~10mmol/day &raquo_space; ↑calcium content by 400 mg/day

• In post-menopausal women, output (from bone)&raquo_space; input&raquo_space; negative Ca 2 + balance

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10
Q

The blood supply to the parathyroid glands is from the……. arteries

A

thyroid

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11
Q

Structure of Parathyroid Hormone ?

A

is an 84 amino acid single chain protein, released from th chief cell in the parathyroid glands.

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12
Q

Parathyroid Hormone secretion is regulated via vitamin …

A

vitamin D

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13
Q

Other substances that affect PTH release ?
And how ?

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14
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The main PTH actions ?

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15
Q

Tissue distribution of Calcium Sensing Receptor ?

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16
Q

How does the parathyroid sense ECF Ca2+concentration changes ?
Elaborate

A
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17
Q

How does vitamin D affect PTH ?

A

1,25-(OH)2 -D inhibits PTH gene expression, providing another level of feedback control of PTH.

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18
Q

Effects of PO4 on PTH regulation ?

A

Despite close connection between Ca 2+and PO4, no direct control of PTH is exerted by phosphate levels.

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22
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Types of Hypoparathyroidism ?

A

1) Iatrogenic: accidental removal of parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery

2) Idiopathic: failure of parathyroid hormone secretion of unknown cause&raquo_space; Low circulating PTH, hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia

3) Pseudohypoparathyroidism: tissue resistance to PTH action due to mutation in PTH receptor or decreased receptor expression

23
Q

Pseudohypoparathyroidism pathogenesis ?

A
24
Q

main indications of Parathyroidectomy ?

A

therapy- resistant hypercalcaemia and/or hyperphosphatemia.

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27
Q

Defects in the neural crest-derived APUD cells give rise to……., whereas increased proliferation of those APUD cells not derived from the neural crest give rise to……

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)2 ,, MEN1

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31
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Explain steps of Vitamin D synthethis

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32
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effect of vit D on transcription ?

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33
Q

Factors (other than calcium) that influence 1α-hydroxylase activity ?

A
34
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How does vitamin D3 circulate ?

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35
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36
Q

Effect of Calcitriol on 24-hydroxylase and 1αhydroxylase ?

A

• Calcitriol induces 24-hydroxylase and represses 1αhydroxylase

37
Q

Effect of PTH on 1αhydroxylase ?
And what’s it’s significance ?

A
38
Q

Effect of Calcitonin , cortisol, oestrogen and prolactin on 1α-hydroxylase activity ?

A

Calcitonin suppresses 1α-hydroxylase, whereas growth h cortisol, oestrogen and prolactin increase its activity

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ESR (46 decks)

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