Adrenal Axis ESR [029]

Question 1

explain

Question 2

What’s α-MSH ?

And What’s β-Endorphins: ?

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

ADRENAL STEROID HORMONES ; According to Molecular structure: (NO. of Carbone atoms) to … 5 classes : ?

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Define the P450c21( 21 α –Hydroxylase) reaction

Answer 8

21-hydroxylation in the biosynthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, respectively.

Question 9

An adrenal hormonal reaction of great clinical intrest ?
And why ?

Answer 9

Question 10

ACTH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids. It acts in several ways:

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Explain

Question 13

How does Cortisol Increases Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ?

Answer 13

Cortisol activates GR to increase expression of key gluconeogenic enzymes:

Question 14

How does Cortisol Increases Gluconeogenic Substrates ?

Answer 14

Question 15

Non-Metabolic Actions of Cortisol ?

Answer 15

• Negative feedback (CRH+ ACTH)

• Positive ionotropic action on heart, abnormal ECG

• Increase renal blood flow/GFR/water clearance

• Inhibits fibroblast proliferation/collagen formation

(increased bruising / impaired wound healing)

• Actions on mood and behaviour

• Increase synthesis of surfactant

• Anti-inflammatory / immunosuppressant

• Increase serum calcium (bone catabolism)

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Renal Effects of Aldosterone ?

Answer 18

Question 19

Effect of Total lack of aldosterone on NA levels ?

Answer 19

Note: Total lack of aldosterone&raquo_space; Loss of 12 grams Na + in the urine /day (1/7 of Na + in body).

Question 20

Effect of ACTH on aldosterone synthesis ?

Answer 20

Question 21

Explain

Question 22

Process of Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stnthesis ?

Answer 22

Question 23

Effects of adrenarche in woman ?

Answer 23

• Growth of pubic and axillary hair

• Acne

Question 24

What can act as a Substrate for post-menopausal oestrogen ?

Answer 24

adrenal androgens

Question 25

Significance of adrenal androgens for oestrogen-dependent tumours ?

Answer 25

Question 26

Explain

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Examples of adrenal Altered Hormone Actions ?

Answer 28

1-Pseudo-hypo-aldosteronism (PHA)

2-Glucocorticoid resistance

3- Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME)

Question 29

Define Pseudo-hypo-aldosteronism

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Explain

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37