Module 9.2 Adrenal Glands Flashcards
The adrenal glands are the _____\_organs that reside above each of the _____\_
The adrenal glands are the endocrine organs that reside above each of the kidneys
Each adrenal gland is composed of the ______\_ and the ________.
Each adrenal gland is composed of the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
What are the three layers of the Adrenal Cortex?
- zona glomerulosa,
- zona fasciculata, and
- zona reticularis
The adrenal cortex is responsible for the secretion of the ________ hormones, all of which are derived from ________
The adrenal cortex is responsible for the secretion of the adrenocortical hormones, all of which are derived from cholesterol
What are the three classes of the adrenocortical hormones?
- mineralcorticoids,
- glucocorticoids, and
- sex hormones
The mineralcorticoids are secreted from the ________\_
The mineralcorticoids are secreted from the zona glomerulosa
The _______\_ are secreted from the zona glomerulosa
The mineralcorticoids are secreted from the zona glomerulosa
The glucocorticoids and the reproductive (sex) hormones are secreted both from the_________ and the ________
The glucocorticoids and the reproductive (sex) hormones are secreted both from the zona fasiculata and the zona reticularis
The ______\_and the _______\_ are secreted both from the zona fasiculata and the zona reticularis
The glucocorticoids and the reproductive (sex) hormones are secreted both from the zona fasiculata and the zona reticularis
The cells of each region of the adrenal cortex contain different _____\_ that enable the production of their respective hormones.
The cells of each region of the adrenal cortex contain different enzymes that enable the production of their respective hormones.
The primary mineralcorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is _______
The primary mineralcorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is aldosterone
Aldosterone acts primarily on the kidney to increase ________ reabsorption and ________ secretion
Aldosterone acts primarily on the kidney to increase sodium ion (Na+) reabsorption and potassium ion (K+) secretion
Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the ________ and by plasma concentrations of ____
Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and by plasma concentrations of K+
Primary hyperaldosteronism is referred to as ______\_and results from excessive production of ____\_ from the adrenal cortex
Primary hyperaldosteronism is referred to as Conn’s syndrome and results from excessive production of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
Secondary hyperaldosteronism results from excessive stimulation of the _______, such as from continual stimulation of the ______.
Secondary hyperaldosteronism results from excessive stimulation of the adrenal cortex, such as from continual stimulation of the RAAS.
The primary glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is ____\_
The primary glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is cortisol
Cortisol plays a key role in the body’s adaptations to _____, which include metabolic effects that are responsible for increasing plasma levels of _____, as well as _____, ________, and _______ effects
Cortisol plays a key role in the body’s adaptations to stress, which include metabolic effects that are responsible for increasing plasma levels of glucose, as well as sympathomimetic, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive effects
Secretion of cortisol is regulated by the _______-______-_______ pathway
Secretion of cortisol is regulated by the hypothalamus-anterior pituitary-adrenal cortex pathway, as shown in the diagram below.
Cortisol hypersecretion is referred to as _______\_
Cortisol hypersecretion is referred to as Cushing’s syndrome
Cushing’s syndrome can result from:
- increased secretion of ______\_or of ______\_,
- from ______\_ tumours or _________secreting tumours.
Cushing’s syndrome can result from:
- increased secretion of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) or of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),
- from cortisol-secreting tumours or _non-pituitary ACTH-_secreting tumours.
The adrenal cortex produces both ____\_and ____\_ in small quantities in both males and females. However, the only reproductive hormone of physiological significance produced by the adrenal cortex is ________\_
The adrenal cortex produces both androgens and estrogens in small quantities in both males and females. However, the only reproductive hormone of physiological significance produced by the adrenal cortex is dehyroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
In females, the sole source of androgens is the ______, whereas in adult males, the _______\_ supply an abundance of androgens
In females, the sole source of androgens is the adrenal cortex, whereas in adult males, the reproductive gonads supply an abundance of androgens
In adult females, ____\_ is responsible for the androgen-dependent processes that occur, including body hair growth, the pubertal growth spurt, and the development and maintenance of the sex drive.
In adult females, DHEA is responsible for the androgen-dependent processes that occur, including body hair growth, the pubertal growth spurt, and the development and maintenance of the sex drive.
Secretion of DHEA is regulated by ___________ in a manner similar to regulation of cortisol secretion
Secretion of DHEA is regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in a manner similar to ACTH regulation of cortisol secretion
