Module 7.3 Mouth

Question 1

The or is the first structure of the digestive tract

Answer 1

The mouth or oral cavity is the first structure of the digestive tract

Question 2

Anatomically, the mouth consists of the

Answer 2

Anatomically, the mouth consists of the

• lips
• teeth
• tongue
• palate
• uvula

Question 3

What are the primary functions of the mouth (2)?

Answer 3

The mouth primarily functions in

1. motility and
2. secretion

Question 4

Although the mouth can contribute to and , it does not play an essential role in either one.

Answer 4

Although the mouth can contribute to digestion and absorption, it does not play an essential role in either one.

Question 5

Motility in the mouth is accomplished through (chewing), which is regulated by the reflex

Answer 5

Motility in the mouth is accomplished through mastication (chewing), which is regulated by the chewing reflex

Question 6

The chewing reflex can be ______\_or ________ controlled and involves the _____\_ ______\_and ______\_ of the jaw muscles

Answer 6

The chewing reflex can be voluntarily or involuntarily controlled and involves the cyclical contraction and relaxation of the jaw muscles

Question 7

The secretion released into the mouth is known as _____\_.

Answer 7

The secretion released into the mouth is known as saliva.

Question 8

Saliva is produced by three pairs of salivary glands:

Answer 8

1. the parotid,
2. sublingual, and
3. submandibular glands

Shown in diagram below

Question 9

The _______\_ secrete one to two litres of saliva per day.

Saliva is composed primarily of water (99.5%), but also contains ______\_, _____\_, ________\_, and _________\_.

Answer 9

The salivary glands secrete one to two litres of saliva per day.

Saliva is composed primarily of water (99.5%), but also contains salivary amylase, mucus, lysozyme, and bicarbonate.

Question 10

Saliva plays an important role as a _____\_for tastants, in movements of the ____\_, and in ______\_.

Food that is mixed with saliva is referred to as a _____\_

Answer 10

Saliva plays an important role as a solvent for tastants, in movements of the mouth, and in oral hygiene.

Food that is mixed with saliva is referred to as a bolus.

Question 11

Salivation is regulated by an _______\_ that can also be conditioned

Answer 11

Salivation is regulated by an innate reflex that can also be conditioned

Question 12

What are 3 factors that stimulate the salivary centre in the _______ to initiate salivation via autonomic nervous system ______ neurons

Answer 12

What are 3 factors that stimulate the salivary centre in the medulla to initiate salivation via autonomic nervous system efferent neurons

1. Taste and texture of food in mouth
2. Mechanical stimulation of mouth
3. Cerebral stimuli

Question 13

An increase in parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands produces ____\_-rich, ____\_ saliva.

An increase in sympathetic innervation to the salivary glands produces ____\_-rich, ____\_ saliva.

Answer 13

An increase in parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands produces enzyme-rich, watery saliva.

An increase in sympathetic innervation to the salivary glands produces mucus-rich, viscous saliva.

Question 14

The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth by ______\_ secreted in the saliva.

However, the majority of carbohydrate digestion occurs in the _______\_utilizing _____\_ secreted by the pancreas.

Answer 14

The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth by salivary amylase secreted in the saliva.

However, the majority of carbohydrate digestion occurs in the small intestine, utilizing amylase secreted by the pancreas.