Module 7.7 Pancreas

Question 1

Upon leaving the stomach and entering into the small intestine, chyme is mixed with the _____\_produced by the _____\_

Answer 1

Upon leaving the stomach and entering into the small intestine, chyme is mixed with the secretions produced by the pancreas

Question 2

The pancreas is an _____\_and an _____\_ gland

Answer 2

The pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland

Question 3

The endocrine cells of the pancreas form the _______, and are important for _______(through their secretion of the hormones _______ and _______)

Answer 3

The endocrine cells of the pancreas form the islets of Langerhans, and are important for fuel metabolism (through their secretion of the hormones insulin and glucagon)

Question 4

The exocrine cells of the pancreas form _____ and _____

Answer 4

The exocrine cells of the pancreas form acini and ducts

Question 5

Acinar cells secrete ______ _______

Answer 5

Acinar cells secrete the pancreatic enzyme

Question 6

The duct cells secrete an ____\_, ____\_ solution into the _____ ___\_

Answer 6

The duct cells secrete an aqueous, alkaline solution into the pancreatic duct

Question 7

The exocrine cells of the pancreas form acini and ducts. Acinar cells secrete the pancreatic enzymes,

and the duct cells secrete an aqueous, alkaline solution into the pancreatic duct.

Answer 7

The exocrine cells of the pancreas form acini and ducts. Acinar cells secrete the pancreatic enzymes,

and the duct cells secrete an aqueous, alkaline solution into the pancreatic duct.

Question 8

Included in the pancreatic enzymes are ______\_, _____\_, and _____\_, which are important for the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, respectively

Answer 8

Included in the pancreatic enzymes are amylase, lipase, and proteases, which are important for the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, respectively

Question 9

Included in the pancreatic enzymes are

amylase: digests _____\_
lipase: digests ___\_
proteases: digests ____\_

Answer 9

Included in the pancreatic enzymes are

amylase: digests carbohydrates
lipase: digests fats
proteases: digests proteins

Question 10

In the same way as pepsinogen, the pancreatic ______\_are produced and secreted in their ____\_ form and must be activated before ___\_ digestion can occur

Answer 10

In the same way as pepsinogen, the pancreatic proteases are produced and secreted in their zymogen form and must be activated before protein digestion can occur

Question 11

Activation of trypsinogen to _____\_is dependent on ______\_: a membrane-bound (brush-border) enzyme of the small intestine.

Answer 11

Activation of trypsinogen to trypsin is dependent on enterokinase: a membrane-bound (brush-border) enzyme of the small intestine.

Question 12

Once activated, ____\_ then activates other zymogens

Answer 12

Once activated, Trypsin then activates other zymogens

Question 13

Activation of pancreatic proteases:

• The pancreas secretes the zymogens _______\_, _______\_ and _______\_ into the lumen of the small intestine.
• Trypsinogen is converted to its active form _______\_by the brush border enzyme _______\_.
• Trypsin then converts other _______\_ to their active forms.

Answer 13

Activation of pancreatic proteases:

• The pancreas secretes the zymogens trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase into the lumen of the small intestine.
• Trypsinogen is converted to its active form trypsin by the brush border enzyme enterokinase.
• Trypsin then converts other zymogens to their active forms.

Question 14

Pancreatic exocrine secretions are regulated independently by _____\_and _______\_

Answer 14

Pancreatic exocrine secretions are regulated independently by secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 15

Regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretions:

• (Left) Acid in the duodenal lumen increases the release of _____\_ which regulates the secretion of ____________by the pancreas.
• (Right) Fat and protein products in the duodenal lumen increase the release of ______\_ which regulates the secretion of ____________by the pancreas.

Answer 15

Regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretions:

• (Left) Acid in the duodenal lumen increases the release of secretin which regulates the secretion of aqueous alkaline solution by the pancreas.
• (Right) Fat and protein products in the duodenal lumen increase the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) which regulates the secretion of digestive enzymes by the pancreas.