Module 4 PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What are basic mechanisms by which neuropharmacologic agents act

A
  1. sites of action: neuron vs synapse
  2. steps in synaptic transmission;
  3. effects of drugs on the steps of synaptic transmission
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2
Q

4 Steps of transmission

A
  1. transmitter synthesis
  2. Transmitter storage
  3. Transmitter release
  4. Receptor Binding
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3
Q

Epinephrine can activate all receptors except

A

dopamine

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4
Q

Norepinephrine can activate alpha 1 &2, and beta 1 receptors but not ___ or ___ receptors

A

Beta2 or domapine recpetors

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5
Q

Dopamine can activate which 3 receptors

A

alpha1, beta1, and dopamine receptors

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6
Q

Selectivity of neuropharmacologic drugs are

A

high selectivity

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7
Q

3 functions of ANS

A

regulates heart
regulates secretory glands
regulate smooth muscle

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8
Q

What are the regulatory functions of parasympathetic NS?

A
  1. slows heart
  2. ^gastric secretion
  3. emptying bladder
  4. emptying bowel
  5. focusing eye for near vision
  6. constricting pupil
  7. constricting bronchial smooth muscle
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9
Q

What are functions of sympathetic NS?

A
  1. regulates CV system (to brain, vasoconstrict)
  2. regulate temp (sweat/piloerection)
  3. implementation of fight or flight
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10
Q

What is baroreceptor reflex

A

receptors near heart monitor BP, send info to brain, brain activates ANS=constriction/dilation

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11
Q

Where is acetylcholine employed

A

@ most junctions of peripheral nervous system

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12
Q

Where is epi and norepinephrine released

A

Epinephrine-released by post-ganglionic neurons

Norepinephrine-released by adrenal medula

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13
Q

What are cholinergic receptors mediated by?

What are subtypes?

A

Cholinergic receptors mediated by acetylcholine

SUBs: nicotinic & muscarinic

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14
Q

What are Adrenergic receptors mediated by?

What are the subtypes?

A

Adrenergic receptors mediated by epi/ne

SUBS: alpha 1 &2, beta 1&2, dopamine

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15
Q
What are the functions of subtypes:
Alpha 1
Alpha 2 (no significance)
Beta1
Beta 2
Dopamine
A

Alpha1-Vasoconstriction, ejaculation, contraction of bladder neck and prostate
Beta1-^HR,Contraction, AV conduction; renin release
Beta2-bronchial dilation, vasodilation, relax uterus, glycogenolysis
Dopamine-dilates renal blood vessels

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16
Q

Muscarinic agonists mimic effects of _____ at muscarinic receptors

A

Acetylcholine

17
Q

Muscarinic antagonists selectively block effects of ____ at muscarinic receptors

A

Acetylcholine

18
Q

Therapeutic uses of bethanechol

muscarinic agonist

A

urinary retention, GI reflux

19
Q

Bethanechol actions on smooth muscles, exocrine glands, and eye

A

smooth muscles-contracts
exocrine glands-^secretions
eye- miosis & ciliary muscle contraction

20
Q

Buthanechol AE

A

hypotension, abd cramps/diarrh,^salivation, asthma exc, dysrhythmias in hypERthyroid (AVOID)

21
Q

What are cevimelime, pilocarpine, and acetylcholine used for

muscarinic agonists

A

pilocarpine-glaucoma topical tx
cevimeline and pilocarpine-dry mouth sjogrens syndome
acetycholine-rapid miosis cataract surgery

22
Q

Muscarinic antagonists ( anticholinergics) competitively block what

A

Acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors

23
Q

Most muscarinic receptors are on structures innervated by ____ nerves

A

Parasympathetic nerves

24
Q

Muscarinic drugs are also known as ( 4)

A

parasympatholytic drugs,
antimuscarinic drugs,
muscarinic blockers,
anticholinergic drugs

25
Q

Anticholinergic drugs: Produce the selective blockade of

A

muscarinic receptors (not all cholinergic receptors)

26
Q

What are pharmacological effects of atropine

A
^HR
vSecretions
relaxes smooth muscles
mydriasis, cycloplegia
Mild CNS excitation, hallucination/delirium
27
Q

Uses for atropine

A
preanesthetic medication
eye disorders
bradycardia
intestinal hypertonicity/motility
muscarinic agonist poisoning
PUD
asthma
biliary colic
28
Q

SE of atropine

A
Xerostomia
blurred vision, photophobia
^intraocular pressure
urinary retention
constipation
anhidrosis
tachycardia
asthma