Module 2 - Colonization, Colonialiam, and the 5 stage model Flashcards
What is colonization?
Colonization is both an era and a process where a foreign power dominates and exploits an Indigenous sector by appropriating land, resources, and wealth while using the people as cheap labor.
What is colonialism?
Colonialism is the practical or philosophical framework of colonization, describing the institutions and policies developed by European imperial and settler governments to dominate Indigenous peoples.
What does the acronym ROCA stand for in the context of colonization?
R: Racism
O: Oppression
C: Cultural genocide
A: Assimilation
What are the characteristics of racism in colonization?
Racism defines the colonized group as inferior, justifying their domination, exploitation, and oppression.
What does oppression mean in the context of colonization?
Oppression refers to the manipulation and management of the colonized to meet the colonizer’s needs at the expense of the colonized.
What is cultural genocide?
Cultural genocide is when the colonizer suppresses, transforms, or destroys Indigenous values and ways of life.
What is assimilation in colonization?
Assimilation is the forced integration of the colonized into the dominant society, resulting in cultural loss.
What are the 5 stages of colonization according to Dr. Winona Wheeler?
Steady State
First Encounter
Imposition of Colonial Relations
Manifestation of Internalized Colonialism
Decolonization
What characterizes the “Steady State” stage of colonization?
Functional Indigenous societies with intact traditional worldviews, laws, and family structures before contact with colonizers.
What happens during the “First Encounter” stage of colonization?
Indigenous peoples interact with colonizers, leading to economic, social, and cultural changes, including trading relationships and the introduction of diseases.
What marks the “Imposition of Colonial Relations” stage?
Increased European domination, subordination of Indigenous peoples, introduction of oppressive laws (e.g., Indian Act), and cultural imposition.
What is “Internalized Colonialism”?
The internalization of colonial perceptions by Indigenous peoples, leading to socio-economic imbalances, generational trauma, and dependency.
What is the goal of the “Decolonization” stage?
A process of restoring Indigenous values, rejecting victimization, achieving personal empowerment, and fostering structural change in relationships with settlers.
What significant issues result from internalized colonialism?
Higher rates of incarceration, addiction, poor health, lower education, poverty, and family dysfunction in Indigenous communities.
Why is decolonization considered a two-way process?
Both Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples must work together to address colonial legacies and reconcile their shared history.
