Module 3 - Military alliances Flashcards
What roles did Indigenous peoples play in military conflicts in North America during the 18th and early 19th centuries?
They acted as allies to European nations like the French and English, but also pursued their own political, economic, and survival interests.
What was the Fox Wars, and how did Indigenous nations use it to their advantage?
The Fox Wars were conflicts in the 1700s where Indigenous nations allied with the French to secure control over access to European goods and weapons.
Why did many First Nations support the French during the French-Indian War?
The French had a long history of trade alliances and were seen as less of a threat since they were more focused on trade than land acquisition.
Why did the Iroquois ally with the British during the French-Indian War?
They assessed the British were more likely to succeed and saw economic benefits in aligning with them.
What was the significance of the French-Indian War in shaping Canada and the U.S.?
The defeat of New France and British success shaped the geopolitical borders of what would become Canada and the U.S.
How were the Iroquois impacted after the American Revolution?
Many were pushed out of their territories in New York and granted land along the Grand River in Ontario, though land disputes later arose, such as the Oka Crisis in 1991.
What role did Indigenous nations play in the War of 1812?
Indigenous allies, including the Mohawk, were critical in battles such as the Battle at Beaver Dams, helping thwart American incursions into Canada and save Upper Canada.
What recognition did Indigenous peoples receive for their role in the War of 1812?
They were awarded 96 Military General Service Medals for their contributions.
How did Indigenous-European relations shift after the War of 1812?
With peace established and the fur trade declining, Indigenous peoples were no longer seen as allies but as obstacles to territorial expansion, leading to a relationship of paternalism and wardship.
How did Indigenous participation in military alliances extend beyond pre-Confederation conflicts?
Indigenous peoples also served in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.
