Module 02: Colonies at War

Question 1

Module 02: Colonies at War

“Resolved, 1st. That every form of government rightfully founded, originates from the consent of the people.
2d. That the boundaries set by the people in all constitutions are the only limits within which any officer can lawfully exercise authority.
3d. That whenever those bounds are exceeded, the people have a right to reassume the exercise of that authority which by nature they had before they delegated it to individuals.
4th. That every tax imposed upon English subjects without consent is against the natural rights and the bounds prescribed by the English constitution.
5th. That the Stamp Act in special, is a tax imposed on the colonies without their consent.
6th. That it is the duty of every person in the colonies to oppose by every lawful means the execution of those acts imposed on them, and if they can in no other way be relieved, to reassume their natural rights and the authority the laws of nature and of God have vested them with.”
—From the Connecticut Resolutions on the Stamp Act: December 10, 1765

Which of the following colonial complaints following the Seven Years’ War is best reflected in this excerpt? (5 points)

1. Continued quartering and support of British soldiers
2. Taxation without direct representation in Parliament
3. Limits to settlement under the Proclamation of 1763
4. Failure to protect white settlers from American Indians

Answer 1

2. Taxation without direct representation in Parliament

Question 2

Module 02: Colonies at War

“Resolved, 1st. That every form of government rightfully founded, originates from the consent of the people.
2d. That the boundaries set by the people in all constitutions are the only limits within which any officer can lawfully exercise authority.
3d. That whenever those bounds are exceeded, the people have a right to reassume the exercise of that authority which by nature they had before they delegated it to individuals.
4th. That every tax imposed upon English subjects without consent is against the natural rights and the bounds prescribed by the English constitution.
5th. That the Stamp Act in special, is a tax imposed on the colonies without their consent.
6th. That it is the duty of every person in the colonies to oppose by every lawful means the execution of those acts imposed on them, and if they can in no other way be relieved, to reassume their natural rights and the authority the laws of nature and of God have vested them with.”
—From the Connecticut Resolutions on the Stamp Act: December 10, 1765

How is the excerpt related to the Seven Years’ War? (5 points)

1. After colonial leaders failed to unite in Albany, they passed individual laws to support the war.
2. After the war, the various colonies decided they needed to support all British official laws.
3. It reflects the agreements made at the Albany Conference to unite behind colonial issues.
4. It is a response to a British law designed to help pay for the war effort in North America.

Answer 2

4. It is a response to a British law designed to help pay for the war effort in North America.​

Question 3

Module 02: Colonies at War

“[T]he Great Spirit bade him (Neolin) be seated, and thus addressed him: … The land on which you live I have made for you, and not for others. Why do you suffer the white men to dwell among you? My children, you have forgotten the customs and traditions of your forefathers. Why do you not clothe yourselves in skins, as they did, and use the blows and arrows, and the stonepointed lances, which they used? You have bought guns, knives, kettles, and blankets, from the white men, until you can no longer do without them … Fling all these things away; live as your wise forefathers lived before you. And as for these English, … you must lift the hatchet against them. Wipe them from the face of the earth, and then you will win my favor back again, and once more be happy and prosperous.”
—From the speeches of Pontiac, 1762–1763

How is the excerpt related to the Proclamation of 1763? (5 points)

1. British officials rejected American Indian claims to lands in the French cession and so ordered immediate white settlement there.
2. Pontiac negotiated an agreement with the British to end the trade of European manufactured goods between American Indians and settlers.
3. British officials were concerned that the speeches could lead to violence, and they prevented rebellion by making a treaty with American Indian leaders.
4. Pontiac led a rebellion that caused British officials to issue the law in an effort to stop further violence by protecting certain areas for the American Indians.

Answer 3

4. Pontiac led a rebellion that caused British officials to issue the law in an effort to stop further violence by protecting certain areas for the American Indians

Question 4

Module 02: Colonies at War

“[T]he Great Spirit bade him (Neolin) be seated, and thus addressed him: … the land on which you live I have made for you, and not for others. Why do you suffer the white men to dwell among you? My children, you have forgotten the customs and traditions of your forefathers. Why do you not clothe yourselves in skins, as they did, and use the blows and arrows, and the stonepointed lances, which they used? You have bought guns, knives, kettles, and blankets, from the white men, until you can no longer do without them … Fling all these things away; live as your wise forefathers lived before you. And as for these English, … you must lift the hatchet against them. Wipe them from the face of the earth, and then you will win my favor back again, and once more be happy and prosperous.”
—From the speeches of Pontiac, 1762–1763

Why did the story of Neolin resonate with American Indians from various tribes around 1763? (5 points)

1. Groups like the Iroquois had proven that it was possible to return to ancestral ways even amongst white settlers.
2. They were angry over the French cession, which included their own lands, that left them at the mercy of the British.
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4. Most of the praying Indians by this time felt betrayed by Europeans and so were ready to reject their cultures.
5. Imperial conflict gave them the opportunity to reclaim their lands and return to traditional lifestyles.

Answer 4

2. They were angry over the French cession, which included their own lands, that left them at the mercy of the British.

Question 5

Module 02: Colonies at War

“It is proposed that humble application be made for an act of Parliament of Great Britain, by virtue of which one general government may be formed in America, including all the said colonies, within and under which government each colony may retain its present constitution, except in the particulars wherein a change may be directed by the said act.”
—From Albany Plan of Union, 1754

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the Albany Plan of Union? (5 points)

1. It successfully united the colonies to provide support to the British in the Seven Years’ War.
2. Although it was supported by the conference members, the colonial governments rejected it.
3. American Indians joined the British cause because of promises made to them in the document.
4. Colonists did not want to support the war effort, which led to the document and resistance.

Answer 5

2. Although it was supported by the conference members, the colonial governments rejected it.

Question 6

Module 02: Colonies at War

What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763? (5 points)

1. Secure a lasting peace following the Seven Years’ War
2. Organize the transfer of French claims to English settlers
3. Prevent further white settlement on American Indian lands
4. Establish the boundaries between British and Spanish claims

Answer 6

3. Prevent further white settlement on American Indian lands

Question 7

Module 02: Colonies at War

Which of the following was the most significant outcome of the Seven Years’ War? (5 points)

1. American Indians won protection for some ancestral lands.
2. France as an imperial power disappeared from North America.
3. Colonists rallied behind Great Britain in supporting the war effort.
4. Britain and Spain transferred some territorial claims between them.

Answer 7

2. France as an imperial power disappeared from North America.

Question 8

Module 02: Colonies at War

What drove most American Indians to support the French? (5 points)

1. Desire to end the Iroquois threat
2. Secret alliances with the British
3. Concern over the fur trade
4. Plans to reform lifestyles

Answer 8

3. Concern over the fur trade

Question 9

Module 02: Colonies at War

What role did George Washington have in the Seven Years’ War? (5 points)

1. He negotiated the Treaty of Paris.
2. He was a leader in the British army.
3. He planned the final battles in Canada.
4. He secured an alliance with the Iroquois.

Answer 9

2. He was a leader in the British army.

Question 10

Module 02: Colonies at War

How were the French and Indian War and the Seven Years’ War related? (5 points)

1. The French and Indian War caused the Seven Years’ War because of attacks on English farmers.
2. The French and Indian War followed the Seven Years’ War as an effect of unresolved issues.
3. The Seven Years’ War was a global conflict that encompassed the French and Indian War.
4. The Seven Years’ War was the North American branch of the French and Indian War.

Answer 10

3. The Seven Years’ War was a global conflict that encompassed the French and Indian War.

Question 11

Module 02: Colonies at War

In The Federalist Papers, James Madison argued that (5 points)

1. the large size of the United States was a source of political stability
2. to be a republic, a country must be geographically small
3. church and state must be linked in order to encourage republican virtue
4. it was essential that slavery be abolished for liberty to flourish

Answer 11

1. the large size of the United States was a source of political stability

Question 12

Module 02: Colonies at War

Which of the following groups tended to be Anti-Federalists during the ratification debates? (5 points)

1. Rural residents closely tied to the commercial marketplace
2. Merchants engaged in foreign commerce
3. State politicians fearful of a strong central government
4. Urban artisans, laborers, and sailors

Answer 12

3. State politicians fearful of a strong central government​

Question 13

Module 02: Colonies at War

What ultimately happened with the Virginia and New Jersey Plans? (5 points)

1. Delegates agreed that the New Jersey Plan was superior.
2. Madison gave up on using any elements of the Virginia Plan.
3. Three different houses were added to the legislative branch.
4. A compromise was reached, employing ideas from both plans.

Answer 13

4. A compromise was reached, employing ideas from both plans.

Question 14

Module 02: Colonies at War

“There are certain modes of governing the people which will succeed. There are others which will not. The idea of consolidation is abhorrent to the people of this country.”
—William Grayson, 1788

Which of the following is a true statement about this quote? (5 points)

1. It represents a Federalist viewpoint on the relative power of the central government.
2. It represents an Anti-Federalist viewpoint on the relative power of the central government.
3. It represents a Federalist viewpoint on the need for protection of individual liberties.
4. It represents an Anti-Federalist viewpoint on the need for protection of individual liberties.

Answer 14

2. It represents an Anti-Federalist viewpoint on the relative power of the central government.

Question 15

Module 02: Colonies at War

“To judge from the conduct of the opposite parties, we shall be led to conclude that they will mutually hope to evince the justness of their opinions, and to increase the number of their converts by the loudness of their declamations and the bitterness of their invectives. An enlightened zeal for the energy and efficiency of government will be stigmatized as the offspring of a temper fond of despotic power and hostile to the principles of liberty. An over-scrupulous jealousy of danger to the rights of the people, which is more commonly the fault of the head than of the heart, will be represented as mere pretense and artifice, the stale bait for popularity at the expense of the public good.”
—Alexander Hamilton, 1787

Which of the following accurately reflects the excerpt? (5 points)

1. Hamilton is an Anti-Federalist arguing that the Articles of Confederation merely need some amendments.
2. Hamilton is a Federalist arguing that the Constitution is necessary to quiet the radical elements in society.
3. Hamilton is an Anti-Federalist arguing that the Constitution endangers the individual liberties of citizens.
4. Hamilton is a Federalist arguing that those against the Constitution risk the survival of the new nation.

Answer 15

4. Hamilton is a Federalist arguing that those against the Constitution risk the survival of the new nation.

Question 16

Module 02: Colonies at War

Which of the following addressed the issue of counting enslaved persons in the population as part of determining representation in the national government? (5 points)

1. Great Compromise
2. Commerce Compromise
3. Presidential Compromise
4. Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 16

4. Three-Fifths Compromise

Question 17

Module 02: Colonies at War

How did the Constitution of 1787 handle the issue of slavery? (5 points)

1. Despite protests from Southern delegates, the document permanently freed runaway slaves who made it to the North.
2. The Constitution declared that all territories of the United States would be “free soil” where slavery would not be permitted.
3. The Constitution provided for half of a state’s slave population to be counted in determining its membership in the House of Representatives.
4. Although never using the word “slavery,” the document protected several aspects of the institution.

Answer 17

4. Although never using the word “slavery,” the document protected several aspects of the institution.

Question 18

Module 02: Colonies at War

Which of the following is not a reason slavery continued to be a divisive issue in the United States? (5 points)

1. Slave owners brought slaves further west into new territories, seeing them as property.
2. The Constitution delayed making provisions for ending slavery at a time it was growing.
3. Northern states threatened to not ratify the Constitution unless slavery was banned.
4. Early abolitionists and slave owners held different views of slavery and freedom.

Answer 18

3. Northern states threatened to not ratify the Constitution unless slavery was banned.

Question 19

Module 02: Colonies at War

After the Revolution, African Americans in the North (5 points)

1. often wound up in a state similar to that of indentured servitude
2. began fleeing to the South when they saw that the new states would not approve emancipation
3. benefited greatly from the popularity of manumission, or voluntary emancipation of slaves by whites
4. were unable to establish their own institutions because their numbers were too low

Answer 19

1. often wound up in a state similar to that of indentured servitude

Question 20

Module 02: Colonies at War

Apart from “liberty,” ____________ was the word most used in the late 18th century in legal and political literature. (5 points)

1. tolerance
2. slavery
3. equality
4. suffrage

Answer 20

2. slavery

Question 21

Module 02: Colonies at War

With which two countries did the early United States have boundary disputes to settle? (5 points)

1. France and Great Britain
2. France and Mexico
3. Spain and Great Britain
4. Spain and Mexico

Answer 21

3. Spain and Great Britain

Question 22

Module 02: Colonies at War

Why did some Americans support aid for France during the French Revolution? (5 points)

1. They saw it as a way to insult Great Britain and solidify their own principles.
2. They saw it as an opportunity to develop a permanent alliance with France.
3. They saw it as important to prevent Great Britain’s interference in the event.
4. They saw it as an obligation for France’s support during their own revolution.

Answer 22

4. They saw it as an obligation for France’s support during their own revolution.

Question 23

Module 02: Colonies at War

“[T]he common and continual mischiefs of the spirit of party … agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection.”
—George Washington, from Farewell Address, 1796

What is George Washington warning the public against in this excerpt? (5 points)

1. Creation of a national bank
2. Alliances with foreign powers
3. Creation of political factions
4. Alliances with native tribes

Answer 23

4. Creation of political factions

Question 24

Module 02: Colonies at War

“[T]he spirit of party … opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which finds a facilitated access to the government itself through the channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another.”
—George Washington, from Farewell Address, 1796

What important idea does George Washington want Americans to recognize, as described in this excerpt? (5 points)

1. Factions divide a country so as to invite involvement from other countries that have their own agendas.
2. Creating an alliance with a foreign country is a commitment that never ends and can destroy the nation.
3. Factions are essential to the healthy development of liberty and republicanism and should be encouraged.
4. Creating an alliance with a foreign country or people helps secure one’s own sovereignty and peace.

Answer 24

1. Factions divide a country so as to invite involvement from other countries that have their own agendas.

Question 25

Module 02: Colonies at War

What purpose did the Neutrality Act and Jay’s Treaty have toward the relationship between the United States and Great Britain? (5 points)

1. The documents prevented a new outbreak of war.
2. The documents put to final rest all issues between the countries.
3. The documents harmed their relationship due to ties to France.
4. The documents outlined rules for trade agreements.

Answer 25

1. The documents prevented a new outbreak of war.

Question 26

Module 02: Colonies at War

“As a very important source of strength and security, cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is, to use it as sparingly as possible; avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace, but remembering also that timely disbursements to prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater disbursements to repel it; avoiding likewise the accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of peace to discharge the debts, which unavoidable wars may have occasioned, not ungenerously throwing upon posterity the burthen, which we ourselves ought to bear.”
—George Washington, Farewell Address, from 1796

Which of the following domestic issues relates to this excerpt? (5 points)

1. Creation of the National Bank
2. Support for the French Revolution
3. Controversy over the Alien and Sedition Acts
4. Definition of the relationship with American Indians

Answer 26

1. Creation of the National Bank​

Question 27

Module 02: Colonies at War

“As a very important source of strength and security, cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is, to use it as sparingly as possible; avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace, but remembering also that timely disbursements to prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater disbursements to repel it; avoiding likewise the accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of peace to discharge the debts, which unavoidable wars may have occasioned, not ungenerously throwing upon posterity the burthen, which we ourselves ought to bear.”
—George Washington, Farewell Address, from 1796

Which of the following accurately reflects the excerpt? (5 points)

1. Washington was against the creation of a national bank.
2. Washington supported using credit only in times of war.
3. Washington thought states should handle their own debt.
4. Washington said all war should be avoided to avoid the cost.

Answer 27

2. Washington supported using credit only in times of war.

Question 28

Module 02: Colonies at War

Which statement best describes the position of the Jeffersonians, or Democratic-Republicans? (5 points)

1. They wanted to compensate American Indians for lost lands and establish a monarchy.
2. They wanted to return American Indian lands near the frontier and abolish the presidency.
3. They supported a national bank, a strong central government, and the prevention of internal dissent.
4. They were against a national bank, wanted stronger state governments, and encouraged debate.

Answer 28

4. They were against a national bank, wanted stronger state governments, and encouraged debate.

Question 29

Module 02: Colonies at War

Which of the following was not a cause of conflict between American Indians and the new nation during Washington’s presidency? (5 points)

1. Continued British military presence on frontier outposts
2. Disputes over land claims since the end of the revolution
3. Spanish control of navigation and trade along interior rivers
4. Lack of guidelines for their relationship in the Constitution

Answer 29

3. Spanish control of navigation and trade along interior rivers

Question 30

Module 02: Colonies at War

What was the significance of Pinckney’s Treaty? (5 points)

1. It created a territory in an area still claimed by Great Britain.
2. It settled disputes with Great Britain over military outposts.
3. It created new conflicts with Spain over trade on the Mississippi River.
4. It settled border and trade disputes with Spain in North America.

Answer 30

4. It settled border and trade disputes with Spain in North America.