Mod 2 Test Flashcards
True or False: Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.
True
True or False: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions.
False
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions.
What is the term for metal ions that assist enzymes during the catalysis reaction?
Cofactors are usually metal ions and assist enzymes during the catalysis reaction.
Define anabolism.
Anabolism is the process of building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules from small molecular units into much larger complexes.
Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of the cell?
The anabolic process would be active as it (by definition) is involved in the building up of small complexes into larger complexes.
Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ATP and ADP.
ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate while ADP can accept energy in the form of a phosphate group. Thus, ATP can be dephosphorylated (ATP –> ADP + Pi), while ADP can be phosphorylated into ATP (ADP + Pi –> ATP).
From what source do chemotrophs acquire energy?
Chemotrophs acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the environment.
An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be classified as a __________?
Lithotroph
A reactive intermediate would be present in which phosphorylation process?
Substrate-level phosphorylation
The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the phosphorylated reactive intermediate.
The catabolism of a single molecule of glucose goes through what 3 distinct transitions?
The breakdown of glucose goes through (1) Glycolysis then (2) Fermentation or Respiration and finally through (3) the electron transport chain (ETC).
What is the most energetic transition in the catabolism of glucose?
The electron transport chain yields 34 ATP while both glycolysis and fermentation (or respiration) each yield only 2 ATP.
Identify the products of the following chemical equation:
Glucose + 2NAD+
2 NADH + 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP
The products are to the right of the arrow: 2NADH, 2 Pyruvates and 2 ATP
The presence of what molecule ‘signals’ to the cell that glycolysis is about to start?
Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)
True or False: During fermentation one means of eliminating pyruvate is by converting it into lactic acid.
True
Pyruvate can be converted into either lactic acid or ethanol and then eliminated from the cell.
How many ATP does the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle produce per pyruvate?
1 ATP
The TCA cycle produces only 1 ATP per pyruvate.
True or False. The products of the TCA cycle enter and fuel the electron transport system.
True
The high volume production of reduced electron carriers from the TCA cycle is used by the ETC to drive ATP production.
In the absence of glucose, which of the following can be used as alternative energy sources?
Lipids
Carbohydrates
For the catabolism of proteins and lipids, which of the following enzymes are used?
Lipases
Proteases
Proteases breakdown proteins while lipases breakdown lipids.
True or False. The β-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids.
True
Describe the relationship between chloroplasts and chlorophyll.
Both chloroplasts and chlorophyll are associated with photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are the double membrane-enclosed organelles that contain the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll.
True or False: Chloroplasts are specific to algae and plants.
True
The process of carbon fixation begins with which of the following reactants:
H2O
CO2
What is true pertaining to the light reactions of photosynthesis?
It converts light energy into chemical energy
Process results in a proton concentration gradient
It is the first step of photosynthesis
It is known as photophosphorylation
Occur in the membrane
Results in the formation of ATP and NADPH
True or False: Dark reactions can occur in the presence or absence of light.
True
How many turns (or repititions) of the Calvin Cycle are required to generate one molecule of glucose?
6
Complete the following equation by placing the appropriate numbers where indicated.
[answer1]CO2 + [answer2]ATP + [answer3]NADPH + [answer4] H20 → C6H12O6 + [answer5]ADP + [answer6] NADP+
- 6
- 18
- 12
- 12
- 18
- 12
Match Enzymes
