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Microbiology > 4.2: Agar Plates > Flashcards

4.2: Agar Plates Flashcards

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1
Q

Growth media comes in two forms:

A

liquid and solid.

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2
Q

The addition of a polysaccharide derived from seaweed (algae) extract creates a solid medium called ______.

A

Agar

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3
Q

The addition of a ______ extract creates a solid medium called agar.

A

polysaccharide derived from seaweed (algae)

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4
Q

______ is used to create a solid, smooth surface on which microbes can grow.

A

Agar

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5
Q

As they grow, microbes form ______ that take on the appearance of individual isolated dots. However, as the microbe increases in number, the isolates merge into one another.

A

Colonies

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6
Q

Once the microbe has grown to cover the entire plate, this is referred to as a ______.

A

Lawn

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7
Q

______ is the cousin of Agar.

A

Gelatin

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8
Q

______ is an animal-derived product that gives Jell-O its classic texture and form.

A

Gelatin

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9
Q

______ is simply the plant-based form of Gelatin and acts in a very similar way.

A

Agar

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10
Q

______ is a multi-purpose media capable of growing a wide variety of microorganisms.

A

LB agar, also known as lysogeny broth

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11
Q

LB agar, also known as lysogeny broth, is a…….

A

……multi-purpose media capable of growing a wide variety of microorganisms.

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12
Q

LB agar plates are ______ in color as shown in color.

A

pale yellow

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13
Q

LB is classified as a ___1___ and ___2___ media.

A
  1. non-selective
  2. non-differential
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14
Q

LB agar is commonly used for growing ______, a microbe often associated with molecular microbiology applications based on its ability to easily produce recombinant proteins.

A

E. Coli

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15
Q

Why is E. coli so commonly used in molecular microbiology applications?

A

Because of its ability to easily produce recombinant proteins.

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16
Q

What is shown in this picture?

A

Agar plates. LB agar plates are shown with either the top lid in place (left) or tilted off (right). The agar is melted, sterilized, and poured into a sterile petri dish then allowed to solidify at room temperature.

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17
Q

______ is another multi-purpose media capable of growing a wide variety of microorganisms.TSA plates are virtually identical in color to LB plates. TSA media is non-selective and non-differential and serves as the base when formulating specialized (enriched) medias.

A

Trypticase soy agar, also known as TSA or TSAYE

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18
Q

Trypticase soy agar, also known as TSA or TSAYE is……

A

……another multi-purpose media capable of growing a wide variety of microorganisms.TSA plates are virtually identical in color to LB plates. TSA media is non-selective and non-differential and serves as the base when formulating specialized (enriched) medias.

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19
Q

______ serves as the base when formulating specialized (enriched) medias.

A

Trypticase soy agar, also known as TSA or TSAYE

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20
Q

______ is a derivative of TSA whereby mammalian blood, often from sheep, is added to the plate composition at a concentration range of 5-10%.

A

Blood agar, also known as BAP (blood agar plates),

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21
Q

Blood agar, also known as BAP (blood agar plates), is a……..

A

……derivative of TSA whereby mammalian blood, often from sheep, is added to the plate composition at a concentration range of 5-10%.

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22
Q

BAP have a distinct ______ coloration.

A

red

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23
Q

BAP is an enriched, ___1___ yet ___2___ media.

A
  1. non-selective
  2. differential
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24
Q

The red blood cells in the media promote the growth of ___1___ microorganisms, such as various strains of ___2___.

A
  1. fastidious
  2. Streptococcus
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25
Q

BAP is a differential media used to detect ______ activity.

A

hemolytic

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26
Q

______ is a differential media used to detect hemolytic activity.

A

BAP

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27
Q

Hemolysis is what?

A

The lysis (breakdown) of red blood cells

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28
Q

______is the lysis (breakdown) of red blood cells

A

Hemolysis

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29
Q

In what 3 ways is Hemolysis classified?

A

is classified as alpha, beta, or gamma.

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30
Q

______present as greenish-brown color colonies due to the incomplete (partial) lysis of red blood cells.

A

Alpha Hemolysis

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31
Q

Alpha Hemolysis present as…….

A

……greenish-brown color colonies due to the incomplete (partial) lysis of red blood cells.

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32
Q

______is classified as the capacity of a microbe to completely lyse red blood cells. The resulting lysis presents as a distinct zone of clearing around the growing colony.

A

Beta Hemolysis

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33
Q

Beta Hemolysis is classified as……..

A

……the capacity of a microbe to completely lyse red blood cells. The resulting lysis presents as a distinct zone of clearing around the growing colony.

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34
Q

______designates the absence or lack of hemolytic activity, and the resulting colonies are often white/tan in color growing on the red background color of the unaffected blood agar plate.

A

Gamma Hemolysis

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35
Q

Gamma Hemolysis designates…….

A

……the absence or lack of hemolytic activity, and the resulting colonies are often white/tan in color growing on the red background color of the unaffected blood agar plate.

36
Q

______ is red in color and is an enriched, selective, and differential media.

A

Columbia CNA agar

37
Q

Columbia CNA agar is……

A

……red in color and is an enriched, selective, and differential media.

38
Q

The media of ______ contains the antimicrobial agents colistin and Nalidixic acid, it suppresses the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and is, therefore, used for isolation of Gram-positive microbes.

A

Columbia CNA agar

39
Q

The media of Columbia CNA agar contains the antimicrobial agents ___1___ and ___2___, it suppresses the growth of Gram-___3___ bacteria and is, therefore, used for isolation of Gram-___4___ microbes.

A
  1. colistin
  2. Nalidixic acid
  3. negative
  4. positive
40
Q

Similar to BAP, the Columbia CNA agar media is also……

A

……enriched with blood, which allows for differentiation based on hemolytic patterns.

41
Q

Chocolate agar, also known as CHOC or as chocolate blood agar (CBA), is ______derivative of blood agar plates.

A

an enriched, non-selective, non-differential

42
Q

Unlike blood agar plates that contain intact red blood cells, chocolate agar plates contain red blood cells that have been______.

A

lysed by heat

43
Q

The cooking of the red blood cells in chocolate blood agar gives the media a ______ appearance, hence the name.

A

dark brown chocolaty

44
Q

Lysed red blood cells release various growth factors into the media required for the cultivation of ______.

A

fastidious, pathogenic bacteria.

45
Q

Chocolate agar is also considered an ___1___. Examples include the ___2___ bacteria ___3___ and ___4___.

A
  1. enriched media
  2. Gram-negative
  3. Haemophilus influenzae
  4. Neisseria meningitidis
46
Q

______ is pale red in color and is both a selective and differential media.

A

MacConkey agar

47
Q

MacConkey agar is ___1___ in color and is both a ___2___ and ___3___ media.

A

1.Pale Red
2. Selective
3. Differential

48
Q

The presence of ___1___ and ___2___ in MacConkey agar formulation restricts ___3___ bacterial growth.

A
  1. crystal violet
  2. bile salts
  3. Gram-positive
49
Q

Only ______ microbes can be grown on MacConkey agar.

A

Gram-Negative

50
Q

In ______, lactose and the pH indicator neutral red—it is only red when under acidic conditions—are added to differentiate between lactose fermenters (lac+; red colonies) and non-fermenters (lac-; white/tan colonies).

A

MacConkey agar

51
Q

In MacConkey agar, lactose and the pH indicator neutral red—it is only red when under acidic conditions—are added to differentiate between ___1___ and ___2___.

A
  1. lactose fermenters (lac+; red colonies)
  2. non-fermenters (lac-; white/tan colonies)
52
Q

In MacConkey agar, the base color of the agar plate also often changes color as the microbes consume the nutrients within the agar. The agar can turn ___1___ within the surrounding area of a growing non-fermenting microbe. Similarly, the agar may turn ___2___ within the region surrounding a lac+ microbe given its level of acid production during fermentation ___3___.

A
  1. yellow (pH > 8.0)
  2. pink or even a darker red
  3. (pH < 6.8)
53
Q

True or False: In MacConkey agar, the Gram-negative/lac+ bacteria Escherichia coli is often used to demonstrate the formation of yellow colonies.

A

False. In MacConkey agar, the Gram-negative/lac+ bacteria Escherichia coli is often used to demonstrate the formation of VIBRANT PINK colonies.

54
Q

Within the clinical laboratory setting, where each patient sample may contain hundreds of species of bacteria, MacConkey agar is used to isolate ___1___ microbes belonging to the ___2___ family such as ___3___ and ___4___ species.

A
  1. intestinal pathogenic
  2. Enterobacteriaceae
  3. Salmonella
  4. Shigella
55
Q

______is a variant of MacConkey agar specifically formulated to detect the presence of the pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7.

A

Sorbitol-MacConkey agar, also known as SMAC

56
Q

Sorbitol-MacConkey agar, also known as SMAC, is a……

A

…….variant of MacConkey agar specifically formulated to detect the presence of the pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7.

57
Q

Under standard ___1___ conditions, Escherichia coli is able to ferment both ___2___.

A
  1. enteric (gut)
  2. lactose and sorbitol
58
Q

Under standard enteric (gut) conditions, ______ is able to ferment both lactose and sorbitol.

A

Escherichia coli

59
Q

E. coli O157:H7 is unable to ______.

A

ferment sorbitol

60
Q

______ plates contain sorbitol (instead of lactose) in order to differentiate non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (red colonies; acidic conditions) from pathogenic O157:H7 strains (white colonies; neutral to basic conditions).

A

SMAC

61
Q

SMAC plates contain ___1___ in order to differentiate ___2___ from ___3___.

A
  1. sorbitol (instead of lactose)
  2. non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (red colonies; acidic conditions)
  3. pathogenic O157:H7 strains (white colonies; neutral to basic conditions)
62
Q

______also known as EMB, is red in color and is classified as both a selective and differential form of media.

A

Eosin Methylene Blue agar

63
Q

Eosin Methylene Blue agar, also known as ______ , is……….

A

EMB
……red in color and is classified as both a selective and differential form of media.

64
Q

As the naming suggests, EMB contains eosin and methylene blue that restricts the growth of ______.

A

Gram-positive bacteria

65
Q

In EMB, microorganisms are differentiated based on their ability to ______ present in the media.

A

ferment the lactose

66
Q

In EMB, similar to MacConkey agar, non-fermenting (lac-) microbes grow as ___1___, while lactose-fermenting microbes produce ___2___ on the surface of the agar.

A
  1. white/tan colonies
  2. dark (purple to black) colonies
67
Q

if Escherichia coli is grown on EMB agar plates, colonies will have a distinctive ______.

A

metallic green sheen

68
Q

if ______ is grown on EMB agar plates, colonies will have a distinctive metallic green sheen

A

Escherichia coli

69
Q

______ also known as MSA, is red in color and is both a selective and differential media

A

Mannitol salt agar

70
Q

MSA is selective for ___1___ and can differentiate members of the ___2___.

A
  1. Gram-positive bacteria
  2. Staphylococci family
71
Q

______ contains a high concentration of sodium chloride (~7.5-10%) that prevents the growth of other microorganisms (selectivity) while the presence of an alternate sugar source, mannitol, along with the pH indicator dye phenol red serves to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic strains of Staph.

A

MSA

72
Q

MSA contains a high concentration of ___1___that prevents the growth of other microorganisms (selectivity) while the presence of an alternate sugar source, ___2___, along with the pH indicator dye___3___ serves to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic strains of ___4___.

A
  1. sodium chloride (~7.5-10%)
  2. mannitol
  3. phenol red
  4. Staph
73
Q

In MSA Pathogenic strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, have the ability to ___1___, thus lowering the pH of the medium and changing the dye color from ___2___ to ___3___.

A
  1. ferment mannitol
  2. red (pH >8.2)
  3. yellow (pH < 6.8)
74
Q

What are the 9 Agar Plates and their colors?

A
  1. LB agar, also known as lysogeny broth -YELLOW-
  2. Trypticase soy agar, also known as TSA or TSAYE -YELLOW-
  3. Blood agar, also known as BAP (blood agar plates) -RED-
  4. Columbia CNA agar -RED-
  5. Chocolate agar, also known as CHOC or as chocolate blood agar (CBA) -BROWN-
  6. MacConkey agar -PINK-
  7. Sorbitol-MacConkey agar, also known as SMAC -PINK-
  8. Eosin Methylene Blue agar, also known as EMB -DARK RED-
  9. Mannitol salt agar, also known as MSA -RED-
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Microbiology (39 decks)

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