Mod 1 Test

Question 1

True/False. A virus is considered a microorganism.

Answer 1

False
Viruses are not living and as such are not considered microorganisms. Viruses can, however, be classified as microbes, a more general term that includes microorganisms and viruses.

Question 2

What is the smallest biological unit of life?

Answer 2

A cell

Question 3

What are the four main types of macromolecules found in cells?

Answer 3

Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates

Question 4

Proteins are formed from various combinations of [answer1] of which there are [answer2] known forms.

Answer 4

1. Amino acids
2. 20

Question 5

How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino acids?

Answer 5

9

Question 6

What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?

Answer 6

There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.

Question 7

Complete the following DNA strand, and indicate how many bonds are formed for each complementary pair:

Answer 7

3’ GGTCATCG 5’
5’ CCAGTAGC 3’
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G and C.

Question 8

The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
- Only restricts movement of materials into the cell
- Is often a bilayer comprised of lipids
- Cannot prevent essential nutrients from escaping
- Contains hydrophobic tails pointing inward

Answer 8

Is often a bilayer comprised of lipids
Contains hydrophobic tails pointing inward

Question 9

How many carbon atoms are present in glucose?

Answer 9

6
The molecular formula of Glucose is C6H12O6

Question 10

True of False: Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

Answer 10

False
Eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus (prokaryotic cells do not).

Question 11

Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies.

Answer 11

Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).

Question 12

True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions.

Answer 12

True
Archaea can often be found in harsh conditions such as high salt levels, high acid conditions, high temperatures and even oxygen-poor conditions.

Question 13

Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all that apply.
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista

Answer 13

All of them

Question 14

Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by converting [answer1] energy into [answer2] energy.

Answer 14

1. Light (sunlight)
2. chemical (sugars)

Question 15

Which of the following are considered Protista? Select all that apply.
- Bacteria
- Algae
- Yeast
- Amoeba

Answer 15

Algae
Amoeba

Question 16

True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue layers.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

The function of the lysosome is:

Answer 17

Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles capable of degrading unwanted cellular debris

Question 18

A. Cell wall
B. Lysosome
C. Centriole
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E. Plasma membrane
F. Nucleus
G. Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

1 F
2 B
3 E
4 G
5 D

Question 19

The combination of the cell membrane and the outer membrane is referred to as the

Answer 19

Cell envelope
The cell wall is also known as the ‘outer membrane’ and does not apply. A capsid is relative to a virus. The outer leaflet is only a partial description of the cell membrane.

Question 20

The function of the Golgi is

Answer 20

Protein modification and distribution
Within the Golgi complex proteins are modified and then distributed throughout the cell.

Question 21

True or False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotropic.

Answer 21

False
They are heterotropic.