Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > 6.1: Viruses > Flashcards

6.1: Viruses Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

True or False: Viruses are considered both prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

A

False. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are Viruses?

A

Is a non-cellular and non-living infectious agent with its own genome. They are obligate intracellular parasites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Since Viruses cannot replicate on their own, viruses are considered ______.

A

obligate intracellular parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All viruses have two basic components:

A
  1. Genomic material comprised of either DNA or RNA
  2. A capsid, a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Unlike prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, which contain a double-stranded DNA genome, the viral genome is quite ______.

A

Diverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Viral genomes can be either ___1___-stranded or ___2___-stranded, and they may be found in ___3___ or ___4___ arrangements.

A
  1. Double-Stranded
  2. Single-Stranded
  3. Circular
  4. Linear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The size of viral genomes can also vary from just a ___1___ nucleotide base pairs to ___2___ nucleotides.

A
  1. few thousand nucleotide (about 7,700 bp for poliovirus)
  2. roughly 2.5 million (like pandoravirus, which houses the largest known viral genome)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______ houses the largest known viral genome.

A

Pandoravirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Poliovirus holds ______ nucleotide base pairs.

A

7,700 bp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False: The viral genome is surprisingly large compared to that of the bacterial of E. coli (about 4.6 million nucleotides) and human genomes (about 3 billion nucleotides).

A

False. The viral genome is surprisingly SMALL compared to that of the bacterial of E. coli (about 4.6 million nucleotides) and human genomes (about 3 billion nucleotides). .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pandoravirus holds ______ nucleotide base pairs.

A

2.5 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Megavirus holds ______ nucleotide base pairs.

A

1.25 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mimivirus holds ______ nucleotide base pairs.

A

1.2 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For many viruses, an additional membrane called the ______ surrounds the capsid.

A

envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The ___1___ is derived from the host cell membrane and serves as an additional ___2___ to the external environment.

A
  1. envelope
  2. barrier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the envelope in a cell virus?

A

The envelope is derived from the host cell membrane and serves as an additional barrier to the external environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A virus simply surrounded by the protein capsid is referred to as a ___1___ or ___2___ virus.

A
  1. naked
  2. non-enveloped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The overwhelming majority of animal viruses are ___1___whereas the majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses are ___2___.

A
  1. enveloped
  2. naked/non-enveloped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or False: Not all viruses appear the same.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The differences in ______ can also significantly influence the shape and appearance of the virus.

A

virion composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Smallpox virus is also known as ______ virus.

A

Variola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Variola virus is also known as ______ virus.

A

Smallpox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

______ is enveloped, about 200 nm long, and has a distinct dumbbell-shaped viral capsid.

A

smallpox virus (variola virus)

24
Q

smallpox virus (variola virus) is [1. enveloped or non-enveloped], about ___2___ long, and has a distinct ___3___-shaped viral capsid

A
  1. Enveloped
  2. 200 nm
  3. dumbbell
25
Q

The poliovirus is [1. enveloped or non-enveloped] and only about ___2___ in diameter

A
  1. non-enveloped
  2. 30 nm
26
Q

Paramyxoviruses and orthomyxoviruses are both [1.enveloped or non-enveloped], [2.shape], and about ___3___ in diameter, but they vary drastically in ___4___ and ___5___.

A
  1. enveloped
  2. Spherical
  3. 100-150 nm
  4. composition
  5. function
27
Q

Paramyxoviruses, the causative agent of measles and mumps, contain a ___1___-stranded linear genome and fuse with the host cell ___2___ to initiate entry and viral replication.

A
  1. Single
  2. membrane
28
Q

What is the causative agent of measle and mumps?

A

Paramyxoviruses

29
Q

Paramyxoviruses is the causative agent of what?

A

Measle and Mumps

30
Q

Orthomyxoviruses, the causative agent of the flu, contain ___1___ of RNA and enter the host cell via ___2___.

A
  1. eight segments
  2. endocytosis
31
Q

______, the causative agent of the flu, contain eight segments of RNA and enter the host cell via endocytosis.

A

Orthomyxoviruses

32
Q

______, the causative agent of measles and mumps, contain a single-stranded linear genome and fuse with the host cell membrane to initiate entry and viral replication.

A

Paramyxoviruses

33
Q

What is the causative agent of the flu?

A

Orthomyxoviruses

34
Q

Orthomyxoviruses is the causative agent of what virus?

A

Flu virus

35
Q

What is being depicted?

A

Virion shape via electron microscope. (A) EM image of the smallpox virus and its trademark dumbbell shaped capsid. (B) Compared to the ~200 nanometer length of smallpox, the ~30 nanometer non-enveloped poliovirus is significantly smaller. (C) Paramyxovirus, the causative agent of measles/mumps contains a single-stranded, linear (albeit twisted and clumped) genome compared to the eight RNA segments of the orthomyxovirus (flu) show in (D).

36
Q

True or False: Viruses are living particles.

A

False. Viruses are non living particles.

37
Q

What were viruses previously called back in the 1800’s?

A

Filterable Infectious Agents

38
Q

A single virus particle called a ______.

A

Virion

39
Q

What is a virion?

A

A single virus particle

40
Q

True or False: Each Virion contain a capsid and genetic material.

A

True

41
Q

What are the three different shapes of Viral Capsids?

A

Helical
Icosahedral (20 sided)
Complex

42
Q
A
43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q
A
46
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A
50
Q
A
51
Q
A
52
Q
A
53
Q

What 4 viruses contain ssRNA+?

A

Polio, Rubella, West Nile, Encephalitis

54
Q

Name the viral enzyme that ssRNA- is dependent on in order to translate it into the sense strand needed before it can be read by the host cells ribosomes.

A

A viral enzyme called viral RNA-Dependent RNA-polymerases.

55
Q

What 4 viruses contain ssRNA-?

A

Influenza, Measles, Ebola, and Rabies

56
Q

What enzyme do Retro Viruses use in the process of Reverse Transcription?

A

The enzyme known as Reverse Transcriptase

57
Q

What virus is an example of a retrovirus?

A

HIV

Microbiology (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions