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Microbiology > 6.1: Viruses > Flashcards

6.1: Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Viruses are considered both prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

A

False. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic.

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2
Q

What are Viruses?

A

Is a non-cellular and non-living infectious agent with its own genome. They are obligate intracellular parasites.

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3
Q

Since Viruses cannot replicate on their own, viruses are considered ______.

A

obligate intracellular parasites

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4
Q

All viruses have two basic components:

A
  1. Genomic material comprised of either DNA or RNA
  2. A capsid, a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
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5
Q

Unlike prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, which contain a double-stranded DNA genome, the viral genome is quite ______.

A

Diverse

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6
Q

Viral genomes can be either ___1___-stranded or ___2___-stranded, and they may be found in ___3___ or ___4___ arrangements.

A
  1. Double-Stranded
  2. Single-Stranded
  3. Circular
  4. Linear
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7
Q

The size of viral genomes can also vary from just a ___1___ nucleotide base pairs to ___2___ nucleotides.

A
  1. few thousand nucleotide (about 7,700 bp for poliovirus)
  2. roughly 2.5 million (like pandoravirus, which houses the largest known viral genome)
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8
Q

______ houses the largest known viral genome.

A

Pandoravirus

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9
Q

Poliovirus holds ______ nucleotide base pairs.

A

7,700 bp

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10
Q

True or False: The viral genome is surprisingly large compared to that of the bacterial of E. coli (about 4.6 million nucleotides) and human genomes (about 3 billion nucleotides).

A

False. The viral genome is surprisingly SMALL compared to that of the bacterial of E. coli (about 4.6 million nucleotides) and human genomes (about 3 billion nucleotides). .

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11
Q

Pandoravirus holds ______ nucleotide base pairs.

A

2.5 million

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12
Q

Megavirus holds ______ nucleotide base pairs.

A

1.25 million

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13
Q

Mimivirus holds ______ nucleotide base pairs.

A

1.2 million

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14
Q

For many viruses, an additional membrane called the ______ surrounds the capsid.

A

envelope

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15
Q

The ___1___ is derived from the host cell membrane and serves as an additional ___2___ to the external environment.

A
  1. envelope
  2. barrier
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16
Q

What is the envelope in a cell virus?

A

The envelope is derived from the host cell membrane and serves as an additional barrier to the external environment.

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17
Q

A virus simply surrounded by the protein capsid is referred to as a ___1___ or ___2___ virus.

A
  1. naked
  2. non-enveloped
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18
Q

The overwhelming majority of animal viruses are ___1___whereas the majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses are ___2___.

A
  1. enveloped
  2. naked/non-enveloped
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19
Q

True or False: Not all viruses appear the same.

A

True

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20
Q

The differences in ______ can also significantly influence the shape and appearance of the virus.

A

virion composition

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21
Q

Smallpox virus is also known as ______ virus.

A

Variola

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22
Q

Variola virus is also known as ______ virus.

A

Smallpox

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23
Q

______ is enveloped, about 200 nm long, and has a distinct dumbbell-shaped viral capsid.

A

smallpox virus (variola virus)

24
Q

smallpox virus (variola virus) is [1. enveloped or non-enveloped], about ___2___ long, and has a distinct ___3___-shaped viral capsid

A
  1. Enveloped
  2. 200 nm
  3. dumbbell
25
The poliovirus is [1. enveloped or non-enveloped] and only about ___2___ in diameter
1. non-enveloped 2. 30 nm
26
Paramyxoviruses and orthomyxoviruses are both [1.enveloped or non-enveloped], [2.shape], and about ___3___ in diameter, but they vary drastically in ___4___ and ___5___.
1. enveloped 2. Spherical 3. 100-150 nm 4. composition 5. function
27
Paramyxoviruses, the causative agent of measles and mumps, contain a ___1___-stranded linear genome and fuse with the host cell ___2___ to initiate entry and viral replication.
1. Single 2. membrane
28
What is the causative agent of measle and mumps?
Paramyxoviruses
29
Paramyxoviruses is the causative agent of what?
Measle and Mumps
30
Orthomyxoviruses, the causative agent of the flu, contain ___1___ of RNA and enter the host cell via ___2___.
1. eight segments 2. endocytosis
31
______, the causative agent of the flu, contain eight segments of RNA and enter the host cell via endocytosis.
Orthomyxoviruses
32
______, the causative agent of measles and mumps, contain a single-stranded linear genome and fuse with the host cell membrane to initiate entry and viral replication.
Paramyxoviruses
33
What is the causative agent of the flu?
Orthomyxoviruses
34
Orthomyxoviruses is the causative agent of what virus?
Flu virus
35
What is being depicted?
Virion shape via electron microscope. (A) EM image of the smallpox virus and its trademark dumbbell shaped capsid. (B) Compared to the ~200 nanometer length of smallpox, the ~30 nanometer non-enveloped poliovirus is significantly smaller. (C) Paramyxovirus, the causative agent of measles/mumps contains a single-stranded, linear (albeit twisted and clumped) genome compared to the eight RNA segments of the orthomyxovirus (flu) show in (D).
36
True or False: Viruses are living particles.
False. Viruses are non living particles.
37
What were viruses previously called back in the 1800's?
Filterable Infectious Agents
38
A single virus particle called a ______.
Virion
39
What is a virion?
A single virus particle
40
True or False: Each Virion contain a capsid and genetic material.
True
41
What are the three different shapes of Viral Capsids?
Helical Icosahedral (20 sided) Complex
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53
What 4 viruses contain ssRNA+?
Polio, Rubella, West Nile, Encephalitis
54
Name the viral enzyme that ssRNA- is dependent on in order to translate it into the sense strand needed before it can be read by the host cells ribosomes.
A viral enzyme called viral RNA-Dependent RNA-polymerases.
55
What 4 viruses contain ssRNA-?
Influenza, Measles, Ebola, and Rabies
56
What enzyme do Retro Viruses use in the process of Reverse Transcription?
The enzyme known as Reverse Transcriptase
57
What virus is an example of a retrovirus?
HIV

Microbiology (39 decks)

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