5.6: Other Bacterial Diseases Flashcards
Legionnaires’ is caused by ___1___, a Gram-___2___, ___3___-robic, ___4___ bacterium.
- Legionella
- negative
- aerobic
- motile (single flagellum)
Although there are many subtypes of Legionella, over ___1___ percent of all Legionnaires diagnoses are due to an infection by ___2___.
- 90
- Legionella pneumophila
Although normally found in ___1___, when found in contaminated ___2___, Legionella can only be transmitted through___3___.
- freshwater reservoirs (lakes and streams)
- man-made water systems (hot tubs, hot water tanks, AC cooling units)
- droplets small enough to be breathed in
Direct aspiration is……..
……when contaminated water gets into the lungs instead of being sent down the esophagus into the stomach.
True or False: Legionella is transmitted fairly commonly through direct aspiration.
False. rarely through direct aspiration
True or False: Legionella can be spread simply by direct contact between people.
False. Legionella CANNOT be spread simply by direct contact between people.
Symptoms of Legionella include developing ___1___ as well as ___2___, ___3___, ___4___, ___5___, and ___6___.
- pneumonia
- fever
- headaches
- muscle aches
- coughs
- shortness of breath
Symptoms of Legionella commonly appear between ___1___ post exposure to the bacteria and can be treated with ___2___.
- 2 and 10 days
- antibiotics
Plague is caused by ___1___, a Gram-___2___, ___3___-robe, ___4___ bacterium capable of infecting both ___5___ and ___6___.
- Yersinia pestis
- negative
- facultative anaerobe
- rod-shaped
- Humans
- Animals
There are three forms of the plague, all caused by Yersinia pestis, and all three forms of plague were initially spread via bites from infected fleas coming from small animals (e.g. rats).
- Bubonic
- Pneumonic
- Septicemic
Bubonic plague is best characterized by ______.
painfully swollen lymph nodes
Which Plague is characterized by painfully swollen lymph nodes?
Bubonic
Pneumonic plague affects the ___1___ and, although rare, it is a highly ___2___.
- respiratory system (lungs)
- virulent form
Which Plague is highly virulent and affects the respiratory system (lungs)?
Pneumonic plague
The ___1___of all three plagues, septicemic plague targets the ___2___ and, if left untreated, will develop into a life-threatening illness as the ___3___ can infect ___4___.
- Rarest
- blood system
- blood-borne bacteria
- all major organs
Once bitten by a Plague infected flea, symptoms may appear within ___1___ and include: ___2___, ___3___, ___4___, ___5___, ___6___, ___7___, and ___8___.
- 2 to 5 days
- headache
- fever
- seizures
- bleeding
- difficulty breathing
- low blood pressure
- organ failure
When should Medical Treatment of the Plague be administered?
Medical treatment should be administered at the onset of symptoms.
Treatment of the Plague consists primarily of commonly available antibiotics, such as ___1___, ___2___, ___3___, ___4___, and ___5___.
- streptomycin
- tetracycline
- fluoroquinolones
- gentamicin
- doxycycline
Anthrax is caused by ___1___, a Gram-___2___, ___3___-robic, ___4___shaped, ___5___ bacterium commonly found in the soil where it most often exists in the ___6___ form.
- Bacillus anthracis
- positive
- aerobic
- rod-
- spore-forming
- endospore
If the spores are ___1___ or ___2___, the spores ___3___, colonize the site of entry, and then disseminate throughout the host causing disease.
- ingested (commonly by grazing animals)
- inhaled near an open wound
- germinate
Three main forms of anthrax have been documented:
- cutaneous
- pulmonary
- gastrointestinal
When infecting the skin, Cutaneous anthrax appears as a___1___ with a distinct ___2___ at the site of infection.
- large painless boil (blister or ulcer)
- black center
Pulmonary anthrax is rare in humans, symptoms include ___1___, ___2___, ___3___, and ___4___.
- fever
- headache
- cough
- shortness of breath
The consumption of food tainted with anthrax (very rare) results in intestinal complications, such as ___1___, ___2___, and ___3___.
- severe diarrhea
- vomiting
- acute inflammation of the intestinal tract
Due to the resiliency of the spores even to ___1___, anthrax has also been adapted as a ___2___ dating back as far as ___3___. Most recently observed in ___4___, several letters were mailed to government employees containing concentrated anthrax spores, resulting in ___5___ individuals being infected and ___6___ deaths.
- chlorine bleach
- bioweapon
- 1916
- 2001
- 22
- 5
True or False: While anthrax cannot be spread directly from person to person, an individual is capable of redistributing the spores on their clothes.
True.
Lyme disease is caused by ___1___, a ___2___, ___3___-robic ___4___ bacterium.
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- motile (multi-flagellated)
- anaerobic
- spirochete (negative stain required)
Lyme disease is transmitted through a ___1___, as an infected ___2___ will contain B. burgdorferi in its saliva.
- tick bite
- tick
A trademark ___1___ rash may appear surrounding the tick bite mark. It should be noted that this rash does not always appear which can lead to a ___2___.
- bulls-eye
- late diagnosis
Other symptoms of Lyme Disease include ___1___, ___2___, ___3___, and ___4___.
- fever/chills
- headache
- muscle and joint pain
- fatigue
If Lyme Disease is left untreated the bacteria can spread systemically leading to long-term ___1___ and ___2___.
- arthritic
- neurological complications
What is being depicted?
Plague. (A) Infected fleas are able to transmit the causative agent, Yersinia pestis. Bites from infected fleas can cause painfully swollen lymph nodes (bubonic) in regions such as under the arm (B) or on the upper thigh (C).
What is being depicted?
Anthrax. (A) Gram-positive staining of rod-shaped B. anthracis. (B) Infection commonly causes cutaneous lesions with a trademark dark (black) center at the site of infection.
What is being depicted?
Lyme Disease. (A) Negative staining of the spirochete B. burgdorferi shown as white spirals. (B) The hallmark bulls-eye rash with the point of contact of the tick bite at the center.
