5.6: Other Bacterial Diseases

Question 1

Legionnaires’ is caused by ___1___, a Gram-___2___, ___3___-robic, ___4___ bacterium.

Answer 1

1. Legionella
2. negative
3. aerobic
4. motile (single flagellum)

Question 2

Although there are many subtypes of Legionella, over ___1___ percent of all Legionnaires diagnoses are due to an infection by ___2___.

Answer 2

1. 90
2. Legionella pneumophila

Question 3

Although normally found in ___1___, when found in contaminated ___2___, Legionella can only be transmitted through___3___.

Answer 3

1. freshwater reservoirs (lakes and streams)
2. man-made water systems (hot tubs, hot water tanks, AC cooling units)
3. droplets small enough to be breathed in

Question 4

Direct aspiration is……..

Answer 4

……when contaminated water gets into the lungs instead of being sent down the esophagus into the stomach.

Question 5

True or False: Legionella is transmitted fairly commonly through direct aspiration.

Answer 5

False. rarely through direct aspiration

Question 6

True or False: Legionella can be spread simply by direct contact between people.

Answer 6

False. Legionella CANNOT be spread simply by direct contact between people.

Question 7

Symptoms of Legionella include developing ___1___ as well as ___2___, ___3___, ___4___, ___5___, and ___6___.

Answer 7

1. pneumonia
2. fever
3. headaches
4. muscle aches
5. coughs
6. shortness of breath

Question 8

Symptoms of Legionella commonly appear between ___1___ post exposure to the bacteria and can be treated with ___2___.

Answer 8

1. 2 and 10 days
2. antibiotics

Question 9

Plague is caused by ___1___, a Gram-___2___, ___3___-robe, ___4___ bacterium capable of infecting both ___5___ and ___6___.

Answer 9

1. Yersinia pestis
2. negative
3. facultative anaerobe
4. rod-shaped
5. Humans
6. Animals

Question 10

There are three forms of the plague, all caused by Yersinia pestis, and all three forms of plague were initially spread via bites from infected fleas coming from small animals (e.g. rats).

Answer 10

1. Bubonic
2. Pneumonic
3. Septicemic

Question 11

Bubonic plague is best characterized by ______.

Answer 11

painfully swollen lymph nodes

Question 12

Which Plague is characterized by painfully swollen lymph nodes?

Answer 12

Bubonic

Question 13

Pneumonic plague affects the ___1___ and, although rare, it is a highly ___2___.

Answer 13

1. respiratory system (lungs)
2. virulent form

Question 14

Which Plague is highly virulent and affects the respiratory system (lungs)?

Answer 14

Pneumonic plague

Question 15

The ___1___of all three plagues, septicemic plague targets the ___2___ and, if left untreated, will develop into a life-threatening illness as the ___3___ can infect ___4___.

Answer 15

1. Rarest
2. blood system
3. blood-borne bacteria
4. all major organs

Question 16

Once bitten by a Plague infected flea, symptoms may appear within ___1___ and include: ___2___, ___3___, ___4___, ___5___, ___6___, ___7___, and ___8___.

Answer 16

1. 2 to 5 days
2. headache
3. fever
4. seizures
5. bleeding
6. difficulty breathing
7. low blood pressure
8. organ failure

Question 17

When should Medical Treatment of the Plague be administered?

Answer 17

Medical treatment should be administered at the onset of symptoms.

Question 18

Treatment of the Plague consists primarily of commonly available antibiotics, such as ___1___, ___2___, ___3___, ___4___, and ___5___.

Answer 18

1. streptomycin
2. tetracycline
3. fluoroquinolones
4. gentamicin
5. doxycycline

Question 19

Anthrax is caused by ___1___, a Gram-___2___, ___3___-robic, ___4___shaped, ___5___ bacterium commonly found in the soil where it most often exists in the ___6___ form.

Answer 19

1. Bacillus anthracis
2. positive
3. aerobic
4. rod-
5. spore-forming
6. endospore

Question 20

If the spores are ___1___ or ___2___, the spores ___3___, colonize the site of entry, and then disseminate throughout the host causing disease.

Answer 20

1. ingested (commonly by grazing animals)
2. inhaled near an open wound
3. germinate

Question 21

Three main forms of anthrax have been documented:

Answer 21

1. cutaneous
2. pulmonary
3. gastrointestinal

Question 22

When infecting the skin, Cutaneous anthrax appears as a___1___ with a distinct ___2___ at the site of infection.

Answer 22

1. large painless boil (blister or ulcer)
2. black center

Question 23

Pulmonary anthrax is rare in humans, symptoms include ___1___, ___2___, ___3___, and ___4___.

Answer 23

1. fever
2. headache
3. cough
4. shortness of breath

Question 24

The consumption of food tainted with anthrax (very rare) results in intestinal complications, such as ___1___, ___2___, and ___3___.

Answer 24

1. severe diarrhea
2. vomiting
3. acute inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 25

Due to the resiliency of the spores even to ___1___, anthrax has also been adapted as a ___2___ dating back as far as ___3___. Most recently observed in ___4___, several letters were mailed to government employees containing concentrated anthrax spores, resulting in ___5___ individuals being infected and ___6___ deaths.

Answer 25

1. chlorine bleach
2. bioweapon
3. 1916
4. 2001
5. 22
6. 5

Question 26

True or False: While anthrax cannot be spread directly from person to person, an individual is capable of redistributing the spores on their clothes.

Answer 26

True.

Question 27

Lyme disease is caused by ___1___, a ___2___, ___3___-robic ___4___ bacterium.

Answer 27

1. Borrelia burgdorferi
2. motile (multi-flagellated)
3. anaerobic
4. spirochete (negative stain required)

Question 28

Lyme disease is transmitted through a ___1___, as an infected ___2___ will contain B. burgdorferi in its saliva.

Answer 28

1. tick bite
2. tick

Question 29

A trademark ___1___ rash may appear surrounding the tick bite mark. It should be noted that this rash does not always appear which can lead to a ___2___.

Answer 29

1. bulls-eye
2. late diagnosis

Question 30

Other symptoms of Lyme Disease include ___1___, ___2___, ___3___, and ___4___.

Answer 30

1. fever/chills
2. headache
3. muscle and joint pain
4. fatigue

Question 31

If Lyme Disease is left untreated the bacteria can spread systemically leading to long-term ___1___ and ___2___.

Answer 31

1. arthritic
2. neurological complications

Question 32

What is being depicted?

Answer 32

Plague. (A) Infected fleas are able to transmit the causative agent, Yersinia pestis. Bites from infected fleas can cause painfully swollen lymph nodes (bubonic) in regions such as under the arm (B) or on the upper thigh (C).

Question 33

What is being depicted?

Answer 33

Anthrax. (A) Gram-positive staining of rod-shaped B. anthracis. (B) Infection commonly causes cutaneous lesions with a trademark dark (black) center at the site of infection.

Question 34

What is being depicted?

Answer 34

Lyme Disease. (A) Negative staining of the spirochete B. burgdorferi shown as white spirals. (B) The hallmark bulls-eye rash with the point of contact of the tick bite at the center.

Question 35

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Question 36

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Question 37

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Question 38

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Question 39

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Question 40

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Question 41

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Question 42

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