Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Uncategorized > Mitosis, Meiosis, DNA Replication, DNA Structure > Flashcards

Mitosis, Meiosis, DNA Replication, DNA Structure Flashcards

Very Easy

1
Q

Describe the events where chromosomes exchange segments

A

First synapsis must occur so the homologous chromosomes can get close to each other. Then crossing over occurs where chromosomes exchange segments. We can see this at the chiasmata, where crossing over hasoccurred. This finally results in recombinants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First synapsis must occur so the homologous chromosomes can get close to each other. Then crossing over occurs where chromosomes exchange segments. We can see this at the chiasmata, where crossing over hasoccurred. This finally results in recombinants.

A

Describe the events where chromosomes exchange segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Haplo

A

Haploid Sperm o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Haploid Sperm o

A

What is a Haplo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When does cell divide into approximately 2 equal halves during Mitosis

A

Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cytokinesis

A

When does cell divide into approximately 2 equal halves during Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During which phase of interphase does DNA replicate

A

Synthesis= S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Synthesis= S phase

A

During which phase of interphase does DNA replicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

During which phase does the cell prepare for division by rapidly producing proteins, and repair damages

A

G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

G2

A

During which phase does the cell prepare for division by rapidly producing proteins, and repair damages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

G stands for…

A

Gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gap

A

G stands for…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are chromosomes?

what are double chromosomes

sister chromatids

A

1 set of genetic info=1 chromosome

1 double chromosome= 2 identical chromatids held together by centromere

chromatids in the double chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1 set of genetic info=1 chromosome

1 double chromosome= 2 identical chromatids held together by centromere

chromatids in the double chromosome

A

what are chromosomes?

what are double chromosomes

sister chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the following picture, point out interphase, telophase, anaphase, metaphase, and prophase cells:

A

Interphase: 1

Prophase: 2, 3, 4, 5,

Metaphase: 6, 7

Anaphase; 8, 9

Telophase/ cytokinesis: 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Interphase: 1

Prophase: 2, 3, 4, 5,

Metaphase: 6, 7

Anaphase; 8, 9

Telophase/ cytokinesis: 10

A

In the following picture, point out interphase, telophase, anaphase, metaphase, and prophase cells:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A:

T:

G:

C:

ATGCGTACGC

A

T

A

C

G

Chose 1

TACGCATGCG

TTACGGCATC

TTAAAGCCTCT

ATCGATCGAAGG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T

A

C

G

Chose 1

TACGCATGCG

TTACGGCATC

TTAAAGCCTCT

ATCGATCGAAGG

A

A:

T:

G:

C:

ATGCGTACGC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define Cell division

A

When 1 cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When 1 cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells

A

Define Cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Histones

A

Protein around which DNA is wrapped around, so that it is organized and neat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Protein around which DNA is wrapped around, so that it is organized and neat

A

Histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA + histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DNA + histones

A

Chromatin

25
Q

Define Mitosis

Centromere

cell Cycle

cytokinesis

A

division of genetic material of a parent cell into 2 daughter cells

part of a chromosome where spindle fibers attach

an orderly sequence of events that extends from the time a cell first arises until it divides itself

division of rest of cell and cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells along with organelles, cleavage and cell plate

26
Q

division of genetic material of a parent cell into 2 daughter cells

part of a chromosome where spindle fibers attach

an orderly sequence of events that extends from the time a cell first arises until it divides itself

division of rest of cell and cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells along with organelles, cleavage and cell plate

A

Define Mitosis

Centromere

cell Cycle

cytokinesis

27
Q

Describe Interphase

A

cell growth

production of molecules and new organelles

by G2, two centrosomes exist and DNA has replicated

28
Q

cell growth

production of molecules and new organelles

by G2, two centrosomes exist and DNA has replicated

A

Describe Interphase

29
Q

Describe Prophase

A

chromosomes form

nuclear envelope disappears

centromeres exist

centrosomes move away from each other, mitotic spindle appears as microtubules projecting from centrosomes.

spindle microtubules can now reach centromeres

some attach to chromosomes

others attach to opposite microtubules

spindle moves chromosomes to center of cell

30
Q

chromosomes form

nuclear envelope disappears

centromeres exist

centrosomes move away from each other, mitotic spindle appears as microtubules projecting from centrosomes.

spindle microtubules can now reach centromeres

some attach to chromosomes

others attach to opposite microtubules

spindle moves chromosomes to center of cell

A

Describe Prophase

31
Q

Describe Metaphase

A

mitotic spindle is fully formed

chromosomes are equator of cell

32
Q

mitotic spindle is fully formed

chromosomes are equator of cell

A

Describe Metaphase

33
Q

Describe Anaphase

A

Anaphase begins suddenly

sisters seperate

Each chromatid becomes a daughter chromosome

kinetocores walk chromatids to end of cell

these microtubules shorten

microtobules not attached to kinetocores lengthen, elongating cell

34
Q

Anaphase begins suddenly

sisters seperate

Each chromatid becomes a daughter chromosome

kinetocores walk chromatids to end of cell

these microtubules shorten

microtobules not attached to kinetocores lengthen, elongating cell

A

Describe Anaphase

35
Q

Describe telophase

A

Telophase begins when chromosomes reach end of cell

nucleus forms

chromosomes uncoil

spindle vansishes

mitosis is done, after 2 nuclei born

cytokinesis occurs

36
Q

Telophase begins when chromosomes reach end of cell

nucleus forms

chromosomes uncoil

spindle vansishes

mitosis is done, after 2 nuclei born

cytokinesis occurs

A

Describe telophase

37
Q

describe the basis

A

the replication is semiconservative because the parent DNA strand is the template for the new DNA strand and the daughter strand is half new half old.

38
Q

the replication is semiconservative because the parent DNA strand is the template for the new DNA strand and the daughter strand is half new half old.

A

describe the basis

39
Q

how polymerase makes it all happen

A

first the cell must make enough nucleoside tripsophates before the S phase.

when DNA polymerase does its job, it breaks the 2 phosphates off of the triphosphate and then it canautomaticallymake the phosphodiester bond.

the remaining group of 2 phosphate falls off is called Pyrophosphate.

40
Q

first the cell must make enough nucleoside tripsophates before the S phase.

when DNA polymerase does its job, it breaks the 2 phosphates off of the triphosphate and then it canautomaticallymake the phosphodiester bond.

the remaining group of 2 phosphate falls off is called Pyrophosphate.

A

how polymerase makes it all happen

41
Q

Desribe Helicase and SSBs

A

The DNA must be unzipped to expose N bases by breaking H bonds.

The place where helicaseseparates strands is replication origin

Continuim is replication fork

SSB will prevent strands from reannleaing

42
Q

The DNA must be unzipped to expose N bases by breaking H bonds.

The place where helicaseseparates strands is replication origin

Continuim is replication fork

SSB will prevent strands from reannleaing

A

Desribe Helicase and SSBs

43
Q

RNA primase and DNA polymerase all other enzymes

A

DNA polymerase, enzyme that extends the DNA chain can only add nucleotides to 3 prime end of an existing chain

Thus RNA primase creates a starting block of RNA primers and polymerase starts adding nucleotides

DNA polymerase starts extending a nucleic chain by adding nucleotides to the primer. it uses nuceloside triphophsates, which cell made before S-phase. As soon as DNA is unzipped these triphosphates would come close to their complemantary ones on the parent strand. Polymerase just connects them. Sliding Clamp helps polymerase attach to parent and be more effecient and fast and increase processivity

RnaseH removes RNA primers and polymerase replaces them with real DNA strands

To connect DNA fragments and any gaps, ligase does it between Okazakis and at end points of DNA strand and uses ATP

Rna

44
Q

DNA polymerase, enzyme that extends the DNA chain can only add nucleotides to 3 prime end of an existing chain

Thus RNA primase creates a starting block of RNA primers and polymerase starts adding nucleotides

DNA polymerase starts extending a nucleic chain by adding nucleotides to the primer. it uses nuceloside triphophsates, which cell made before S-phase. As soon as DNA is unzipped these triphosphates would come close to their complemantary ones on the parent strand. Polymerase just connects them. Sliding Clamp helps polymerase attach to parent and be more effecient and fast and increase processivity

RnaseH removes RNA primers and polymerase replaces them with real DNA strands

To connect DNA fragments and any gaps, ligase does it between Okazakis and at end points of DNA strand and uses ATP

Rna

A

RNA primase and DNA polymerase all other enzymes

45
Q

Somatic Cell

A

A typical body cell

46
Q

A typical body cell

A

Somatic Cell

47
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

The two chromosomes in a matching pair of same size, same sequence of genes, and staining pattern.

One comes from DAD other from Mom

48
Q

The two chromosomes in a matching pair of same size, same sequence of genes, and staining pattern.

One comes from DAD other from Mom

A

Homologous Chromosomes

49
Q

Autosomes

A

The remaining chromosomes,

The non sex ones

50
Q

The remaining chromosomes,

The non sex ones

A

Autosomes

51
Q

The Life cycle of an organism

A

The Life cycle of an organism is the sequence of stages leading from adults of generation to next

52
Q

The Life cycle of an organism is the sequence of stages leading from adults of generation to next

A

The Life cycle of an organism

53
Q

List phases

A

Prophase 1

Homologous chromosomes form synapsis and cross over and increases variation by exchanging segments

Metaphase 1 tetrads align

one homologous is towards one pole, other one is to the other pole.

Anaphase I: chromosomes migrate towards the poles but as sister chromoatids as a pair not seperated from each other.

Telophase I: same as is the mitosis

By the end it creates 2 haploids

Meiosis 2: Essentially the same as mitosios but starts with haploids and in the end chromatids seperated away from each other

54
Q

Prophase 1

Homologous chromosomes form synapsis and cross over and increases variation by exchanging segments

Metaphase 1 tetrads align

one homologous is towards one pole, other one is to the other pole.

Anaphase I: chromosomes migrate towards the poles but as sister chromoatids as a pair not seperated from each other.

Telophase I: same as is the mitosis

By the end it creates 2 haploids

Meiosis 2: Essentially the same as mitosios but starts with haploids and in the end chromatids seperated away from each other

A

List phases

55
Q

LIST WAYS HOW MEIOSIS CREATES VARIATION

A

IN metaphase 1 and 2 chromosomes align up variety of possible ways:

Equation to determine the number of possible ways: 2=homologous

^x=haploid #

2^x= # of possible ways

2^3=8 ways

56
Q

IN metaphase 1 and 2 chromosomes align up variety of possible ways:

Equation to determine the number of possible ways: 2=homologous

^x=haploid #

2^x= # of possible ways

2^3=8 ways

A

LIST WAYS HOW MEIOSIS CREATES VARIATION

57
Q

how crossing over creates variation

A

homologous chromosomes cross over at chiasma (plural chiasma ) which results in genetic recombination which makes recombinant chromosmomes.

58
Q

homologous chromosomes cross over at chiasma (plural chiasma ) which results in genetic recombination which makes recombinant chromosmomes.

A

how crossing over creates variation

Uncategorized (119 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions