Genetics Test

Question 1

What is wild type

Answer 1

traits found most commonly in nature

Question 2

what is self-fertilize

Answer 2

when pollen from a flower lands and fertlizes the eggs of the same flower

Question 3

what is cross fertlization

Answer 3

when pollen of penis plant fertilizes the vagina of another penis plant

Question 4

what is true breeding

Answer 4

varieties for which self fertilization creates offspring that are identical to parent

Question 5

what is hybrid

Answer 5

the offspring of parents of 2 different species or of 2 different vareities of same species, the offspring of two parents that differ in one or more inherited traits and an individual that is heterozygous for one or more pair of genes

Question 6

what is a cross

Answer 6

the cross fertilization creating hybrids. it is also called hybridization

Question 7

what is the P generation

Answer 7

P for parental

parental humans or plants

Question 8

what is F1 generation

Answer 8

P generation’s hybrid offspring

F=filial

Question 9

what is F2 generation

Answer 9

when F1 plants cross-fertilize and the resulting offspring

Question 10

what is a mono hybrid cross

Answer 10

cross between two plants that only shows one difference between them.

Question 11

what is an allele?

Answer 11

they are alternative forms of genes

Question 12

what is dominant allele

recessive

Answer 12

the allele that has noticable effect on the organism

the allele that has no noticeable effect when dominant allele is present

Question 13

what is a punnett square

Answer 13

a tool for predicting the offspring’s genotype after a cross

Question 14

what is phenotype

Answer 14

expressed traits of an organism

Question 15

what is genotype

Answer 15

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 16

What is Mendel’s principle of segregation?

Answer 16

Pairs of alleles seperate during meiosis and fusion of gametes creates allele pairs once again

Question 17

what are gene loci

Answer 17

specific locations of genes on homologous chromosomes

Question 18

What is the Mendel principal of independent assortement?

Answer 18

Each pair of alleles seperates independendtly of other pairs during meiosis

Question 19

what is a testcross

Answer 19

mating with an individual of unknown genotype and homozygous recessive individual

Question 20

what is the rule of multiplication

Answer 20

a rule stating that the probability of a compound event is the product of seperate probabilties of individual events.

Question 21

what is pedigree

Answer 21

afamilytree representing the occurence of inheritable traits in parents and offspring across a number of generations.

Question 22

what are carriers

Answer 22

People who do have A copy of an allele of a recessive disorder but show no symptoms are carriers

Question 23

what is inbreeding

Answer 23

a mating of close relatives and produces offspring homozygous for recessive trait

Question 24

what is dominant disorder

Answer 24

disease caused by dominant allele

Question 25

what is achondroplasia

Answer 25

a dwarfism head and torso=normal limbs=short

Question 26

what is huntington disease

Answer 26

degeneration of nervous system at old age

Question 27

what is incomplete dominance

Answer 27

a plend of alleles causing another phenotype red x white= pink

Question 28

what is hypercholestrolemia

Answer 28

a disease with high cholestrol levels in blood and cells cant absorb it hetero=some disease homo domi= no disease homo rece= bad disease

Question 29

what is codominance

Answer 29

a gene where both alleles are presented no blend

Question 30

what is pleio tropy

Answer 30

the single gene's effect on more than characteristic sickle cell

Question 31

what is polygenic inheritance

Answer 31

two or more genes on one trait

Question 32

chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 32

that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes in meiosis and fertilization accounts for inheritance patterns.

Question 33

what are linked genes

Answer 33

genes located close together on a chromosome often inherited together. no independednt assortement involved

Question 34

recombination frequency

Answer 34

with respect to 2 given genes, the number of recombinant progency from a mating divided by the total number of progency. Recombinant progeny carry combinations of alleles different from those in either of the parents as a result of independent assortement of chromosomses and crossing over

Question 35

what is a linkage map

Answer 35

a map of chromossomes showing the relative positions of genes

Question 36

name some sex linked diseases

Answer 36

red green color blindness normal 150 colors sick \<25 colors

Question 37

what is hemophilia

Answer 37

prolonged bleeding

Question 38

what is Duchenne muscular dyrostropy

Answer 38

muscles weaken difficult standing early in childhood hotmen breathing wheel chair 12 death 20

Question 39

Epistasis

Answer 39

when when allele controls another allele when when gene controls another

Question 40

how to do trihybrid cross

Answer 40

lots of fractions

Question 41

what is recombinants

Answer 41

varities that dont occur in parents

Question 42

point mutation

Answer 42

change in one nucleotide

Question 43

cystic fibrosis genotype

Answer 43

CF+ CF+ CF CF