MITOSIS Flashcards
interphase
period between 2 mitotic divisions, cell grows, copies DNA, and synthesizes proteins
prophase
first stage of mitosis in cell division
condensation of chromosomes and dissolution of nuclear envelope
chromosomes (DNA) replicates
metaphase
all of the chromosomes move to the cell’s equator
anaphase
chromosomes separate
* mitotic spindle pulls sister chromatids to opposite poles
telaphase
final stage of mitosis
nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes, cell division begins, mitotic spindles disappear
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasma of a cell, follows the division of the cells nucleus
*Cell divides, two daughter cells form
Prometaphase
nucleus dissolves, mitotic spindle (microtubules) attach to centromeres
chromosome
eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein in a prokaryotic cell-main ring of DNA
chromatid
one of the 2 stands of a chromosome that become visible during mitosis
centromere
region of chromosomes that hold the 2 sister chromatids together during mitosis
Cell cycle
repeating sets of events in a life of a cell
mitosis
eukaryotic cell, process of cell division that forms 2 new nuclei each of which has the same number of chromosomes
cancer
a tumor where the cells begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate and become invasive
centriole
organelle that is composed of 2 short microtubules at right angles to each other and have an active role in mitosis
cell plate
precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into 2
spindle fiber
one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell
assists in the movement of chromosomes
nucleus
eukaryotic cell membrane bound organelle that contains the cells DNA and has a role in processes like metabolism, growth, and reproduction
what is the relationship betwenn interphase and cytokinesis
interphase is not cell division and cytokinesis is cell division
is interphase a part of mitosis?
NO
what happens after cytokinesis?
interphase starts again
when is chromatin present?
interphase
when are chromosomes present ?
prophase and metaphase
when are chromatids present?
anaphase
G1
Cell grows and carry a out regular cell functions
Organelles reproduce
S
Cell replicates DNA resulting in duplicated chromosomes
G2
Cell continues to grow and prepare for cell division critical checkpoint
Fixed -> mitosis
How many chromosomes are totaled in body cells ?
46
Chromatin appear and 2 centrioles
Interphase
Centrioles duplicate & nuclear envelope breaks down
Prophase
Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
Metaphase
Pull info to each side
Anaphase
Nuclear envelope reforms to contain genetic information
Telophase
Two cells, chromosomes->chromatin
Cytokinesis
Telophase what forms that is different in animal and plant cells ?
Animal cells=cleavage furrow
Plant cells=cell plate
Binary fission
Method where bacteria reproduce
DNA molecule is replicated; cell splits in 2 identical cells each containing an exact copy of DNA
How does binary fission work ?
Single DNA molecule replicates and then the DNA strands separate -> cross wall formation = 2 daughter cells of identical composition
Characteristics prokaryote cells have the eukaryotic don’t
No nucleus
Unicellular only
No membrane bound organelles
2 reasons for cell division
Cell growth & repair
4 stages of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
