Evolution

Question 1

divergence vs convergence

Answer 1

divergence - same ancestor changing to be different ( homologous structures)
convergence - different ancestor changing to be similar due to environment (analogous structures)

Question 2

vestigial structures

Answer 2

structures that have no function but are still present from ancestors

Question 3

phylogenetic tree

Answer 3

puts all organisms together

can map out evolutionary relationships based on differences ( evolution chart )

Question 4

coevolution

Answer 4

evolve together due to close interactions

Question 5

sexual selection

Answer 5

not random mating, pick partners based on features (attracted to mating calls, dances, rituals, looks)
BAD TRAITS MAY SHOW UP MORE !!

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

better adapted individuals survive and reproduce more successfully

Question 7

artificial selection

Answer 7

not random, humans select desired traits and breed
use it to their advantage because they can get the genes they want to carry on to the next generation or possibly the strongest genes also.

Question 8

Genetic drift difference - Founders effect vs bottleneck effect

Answer 8

founders- small group that moves and then grows
bottleneck- in area most species die (natural disaster) the small population that survives (survival of the fittest) reestablishes population

Question 9

micro vs macro

Answer 9

micro - small scale, within a species shift allele frequency

macro - large scale, new species develop

Question 10

biogeographical - Darwins finches !

Answer 10

similar species in nearby locations

different due to environment factors (finches are an example)

Question 11

Founders effect

Answer 11

bad traits show up more often
small group moves and reestablishes population
lower variation
less options for traits

Question 12

bottleneck effect

Answer 12

Population reduced (lowered) by natural means
natural disasters
disease
hunting/predation

Question 13

how to tell if an organism is closely related to another organism on a tree/chart

Answer 13

more closely related = closer together at the top of the tree

Question 14

what is each branch on the tree due to ? Caused ?

Answer 14

due to mutations that caused evolution towards one set of traits over another
things can develop differently due to different environments -> different traits are “best fit”

Question 15

2 animals both develop long tusks to break ice in separate artic environments
C or D
A or H

Answer 15

convergence analogous

Question 16

2 animals share a common ancestor and therefore have similar bone structures
C or D
A or H

Answer 16

divergence homologous

Question 17

What did Lamarck discover ?

Answer 17

If you develop a trait you pass it along
NOT TRUE
Acquired traits & proposed idea that organisms started simple and have become complex

Question 18

What did Darwin discover ?

Answer 18

Studied anatomy to recreate fossils, descent with modification suggested, went to Galápagos Islands to study finches (natural selection) bio geographical evidence