DNA

Question 1

DNA replication

Answer 1

copies DNA

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

converts DNA into mRNA

Question 3

Translation

Answer 3

interprets mRNA into a string of amino acids (proteins) tRNA (MAKING OF A PROTEIN)

Question 4

Where do the 3 processes occur in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

cytoplasm, no nucleus

Question 5

Where does replication and transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

nucleus (where chromosomes are located)

Question 6

where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

ribosomes, (in the cytoplasm)

Question 7

what 3 ways does RNA differ from DNA

Answer 7

sugar=ribose
uracil base
single strand

Question 8

mRNA function

Answer 8

carries instructions from a gene to make a protein, code for codons

Question 9

rRNA

Answer 9

builds proteins, protein synthesis

Question 10

tRNA

Answer 10

transfers amino acids to the ribosomes to make a protein, anticodons (more similar to DNA)

Question 11

codon consists of how many nucleotides for an amino acid?

Answer 11

three

Question 12

which RNA do you use to find the codon for an amino acid?

Answer 12

mRNA

Question 13

what is an anticodon

Answer 13

3 nucleotides on tRNA

Question 14

mRNA is the same as what anti or codon?

Answer 14

codon

Question 15

tRNA is the same as what anti or codon?

Answer 15

anticodon

Question 16

what is the flow of protein synthesis?

Answer 16

DNA -> RNA -> protein

Question 17

what organelle assists tRNA translating the mRNA in the cytoplasm?

Answer 17

ribosome

Question 18

the role of tRNA is to carry what?

Answer 18

an amino acid

Question 19

tRNA anticodon is more similar to DNA or RNA in nucleotide sequence?

Answer 19

DNA

Question 20

what is the first step of protein synthesis? where does it occur?

Answer 20

transcription

nucleus

Question 21

what is the second step in protein synthesis? where does it occur?

Answer 21

translation

cytoplasm

Question 22

what is the enzyme that creates mRNA from a DNA sequence ?

Answer 22

RNA polymerase

Question 23

each codon of mRNA codes for?

Answer 23

amino acid

Question 24

specific amino acid carried by tRNA is determined by what?

Answer 24

its anticodon

Question 25

consists of a single strand of nucleotides

Answer 25

RNA

Question 26

made of nucleotides linked together

Answer 26

both RNA & DNA

Question 27

contains deoxyribose

Answer 27

DNA

Question 28

has the nitrogen base uracil

Answer 28

RNA

Question 29

contains ribose

Answer 29

RNA

Question 30

is a nucleic acid

Answer 30

both RNA & DNA

Question 31

consists of a double strand of nucleotides

Answer 31

DNA

Question 32

contains a base that pairs with adenine

Answer 32

both DNA & RNA

Question 33

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 33

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 34

what does RNA stand for?

Answer 34

ribonucleic acid

Question 35

DNA helicase

Answer 35

enzyme that is responsible for unwinding and unzipping the double helix

Question 36

why is the nucleus the control center of the cell?

Answer 36

controls all the activities of the cell

Question 37

what is a gene?

Answer 37

segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein (codes for a trait)

Question 38

where in the cell are chromosomes located?

Answer 38

nucleus

Question 39

why is replication "semi-conservative'?

Answer 39

half the original strand is conserved, new nucleotides are added to each side

Question 40

what are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder ?

Answer 40

thymine, cytosine, guanine and adenine (purines)

Question 41

what bases bond together?

Answer 41

a with t (or u) | g with c

Question 42

Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger ?

Answer 42

small enough to go through the nuclear pores

Question 43

where are proteins make in the cell?

Answer 43

ribosomes (within the cytoplasm)

Question 44

process of copying DNA

Answer 44

replication

Question 45

shape of DNA

Answer 45

Double helix, twisted ladder

Question 46

what is point mutation

Answer 46

substitution, a mutation in which 1 nucleotide is changed for another

Question 47

what is insertion?

Answer 47

frameshift mutation where a nucleotide is added into a DNA sequence

Question 48

what is deletion?

Answer 48

frame shift mutation where there is removing of a nucleotide from a DNA sequence

Question 49

parental strands of DNA ______, serve as a ____, and produce DNA molecules that have half ___ and half of ______

Answer 49

separate, template, half parental DNA half of new DNA

Question 50

AUG (the start codon is called what when in the middle of the mRNA?

Answer 50

met

Question 51

griffith

Answer 51

discovered transformation, heredity material moves from cell to cell

Question 52

Avery

Answer 52

DNA is responsible for transformation in bacteria

Question 53

Roselind Franklin

Answer 53

responsible for STRUCTURE produced DNA models of crystals and photographs

Question 54

Chargaff

Answer 54

discovered the base pair rule

Question 55

hershey and chase

Answer 55

DNA is the heredity molecule in viruses

Question 56

Watson and Crick

Answer 56

explained how DNA replicates and its structure shape= double helix

Question 57

What must happen before a DNA molecule can replicate itself ?

Answer 57

It must unwind

Question 58

Errors in nucleotide sequences that occur during replications can or cannot be corrected ?

Answer 58

Can by DNA polymerase

Question 59

What did griffiths transformation experiments cause ?

Answer 59

Caused harmless bacteria to become deadly

Question 60

What did griffiths experiments show?

Answer 60

Showed that genetic material could be transferred between dead and living bacteria

Question 61

What did Avery's experiment show?

Answer 61

Showed that transformation is prevented by DNA destroying enzymes

Question 62

What did Avery and his research team conclude ?

Answer 62

DNA was responsible for transformation

Question 63

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of..?

Answer 63

Nucleotides

Question 64

What does a nucleotide consist of ?

Answer 64

A sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

Question 65

The part of the molecule for which DNA is named

Answer 65

Sugar (deoxyribose)

Question 66

What are purines and pyrimidines?

Answer 66

Classification groups of nitrogen bases G&A-purines T&C-pyrimidines

Question 67

Amount of guanine equals amount of what

Answer 67

Cytosine

Question 68

RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that the sugar in RNA has an additional ____

Answer 68

Oxygen atom

Question 69

Transfer RNA

Answer 69

Carries an amino acid to its correct codon

Question 70

What doesn't affect the final outcome of gene expression (transcription&translation)?

Answer 70

of amino acids in the protein being used

Question 71

A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, five carbon sugar, and a nitrogen containing base is called ______

Answer 71

Nucleotide

Question 72

Name of the 5 carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is

Answer 72

Deoxyribose

Question 73

Due to strict pairing of nitrogen based in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be _____

Answer 73

Complementary

Question 74

Watson and crick used the crazy diffraction photographs of who to build their model of DNA ?

Answer 74

Franklin & Wilsin

Question 75

Transcription & translation are stages in the process of ?

Answer 75

Gene expression

Question 76

During translation amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of ?

Answer 76

Transfer RNA