Chapter 3 All Flashcards
Functions of carbohydrates
ENERGY
SUGAR- quick energy
Starch- long term energy
What do we mainly use for energy? It’s the most common monosaccharide
Glucose
Storage polysaccharide in plants?
In animals ?
Starch
Glycogen
Are carbohydrates soluble in water ?
Yes
Are lipids soluble in water ?
No
Functions of lipids
Fats- stores energy (twice as much as carbohydrates)
Plant wax
Cholesterol
Functions of proteins
Enzymes Hormones Structural parts of organisms Defense Movement
Functions of nucleic acids
DNA - stores genetic information
RNA - makes proteins
Chemical bond
Force holding 2 atoms together resulting from a chemical reaction
Covalent bond
Chemical bond where atoms share electrons
Ionic bond
Force of attraction between opposite charged ions
Element
Pure substance composed of only one type of atom
Atom
Smallest particle of matter
Molecule
Group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
Exothermic reaction
Released energy Breaking bonds (less energy than reactants)
Endothermic reaction
Absorbs energy
Form bonds-keep energy (more energy in product than reactants)
Reactants
Starting materials, ingredients of a chemical reaction
They are always on the left side
Enzymes (catalysts)
They are proteins & catalysts
- speed up reaction
- are reuse able
- lower activation energy
What is the reaction progress ?
Shows the reaction from start to end but it is not a time
Example of endothermic reactions
Lighting a firework
Example of an exothermic reaction
Ice forming
Has less energy at the end than the beginning
What label is out on the left side of the reaction graph ?
Total energy
Inorganic compound
Compounds that DO NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms
Organic compound
Compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms
-ose
It is a sugar or carbohydrate
-ase
It’s an enzyme (protein) & are generally names after the substrate affected
Ex. Lipases (break down lipids)
Enzymes vs catalyst
Enzyme- compounds that assist chemical reactions by increasing the rate at which they occur
Catalysts- accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction without being destroyed or changed
Enzymes are _____ that are found in all ______ organisms
Proteins , living
Substrate
Compounds that enzymes act upon
What factors affect enzyme activity ? Denature an enzyme
Temperature, pH, concentration of the enzyme , & concentration of the substrate
Unsaturated
Good fats
Double bond easier to break
Saturated
Bad fats
Hydrogen each of bonds(single)
Can’t break, strong bonds
