Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GLE 2024 (Day 2) > MINERALOGY BASIC CONCEPTS (MINERAL PROPERTIES) > Flashcards

MINERALOGY BASIC CONCEPTS (MINERAL PROPERTIES) Flashcards

1
Q

Modes of Formation of Minerals

A
  1. Precipitation from Solution
  2. Sublimation from Gas
  3. Crystallization from a melt or other liquid
  4. Solid State Growth
  5. Solid-Liquid or Solid-Gas reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Solutions from which minerals can precipitate

A
  1. Surface Water (springs, rivers, lakes, oceans)
  2. Groundwater
  3. Hydrothermal Solutions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Formation through solid state growth is common in

A

Metamorphic Minerals and Rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Solid-liquid or solid gas is common in

A

Weathering
Vein formation
Metamorphism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Small Seed Crystals

A

Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does crystal faces reflect internal structure?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CH a=b=c

A

equant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CH a=b>c; c is thin

A

Tabular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CH a=b»c; c is very thin

A

platy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CH a>b=c; a is long

A

Prismatic or columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ch a>b>c; a is long, c is thick

A

Bladed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CH a»>b=c; band c are very thin

A

Acicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CH a»»b=c; b and c are extremely thin

A

Capillary or filliform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

equal dimensions cube or sphere

A

equant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tablet or diskette like

A

Tabular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sheet like

A

Platy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pillar like or column like; Slender to Stubby

A

Prismatic or Columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

blade or knife like

A

Bladed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

needle like

A

Acicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hair like

A

Capillary or filliform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Assemblage of similar crystals

A

crystal aggregate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

acicular - filiform parallel

A

Fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

acicular - filiform coming from a central point

A

Radiating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

primastic diverging from a common area

A

Divergent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

tabular-bladed lattice work like a scaffolding

A

Reticulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

tabular-bladed petal like arrangement

A

Roseiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

surface lined with very small “goosebump-like” crystal
Outward Pointing Clusters

A

drusy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

tree like branching network of crystals

A

dendritic or aborescent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

like foliated but split into sheets

A

Micaceous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

subparallel layers of minerals

A

lamellar or foliated (Medyo wavy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Aggregate of very small crystals with a fine-grained apperance

A

massive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

subequant macroscopic crystal aggregates with granular apperance

A

granular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

parallel layers of same minerals with different colors as in agate

A

banded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

spherical to subspherical layers about a common center parang dendrocrons sa trees

A

concentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

globular or ball like cluster likes bunch of grapes

A

botryoidal or colloform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

large round masses resembling human breasts

A

mamillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

radiating compact clusters of crystals ending in rounded kidney-like surface

A

reniform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Compact clusters radiating outwars forming rounded ball-like shapes

A

Globular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

spherical concentrically layered sand sized grain aggregate <2mm

A

oolitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

spherical, concentrically layers, gravel sized aggregates

A

pisolitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

spherical to ellipsoidal gas vesicles infilled with secondary minerals

A

amygdaloidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

grains having size of granulated sugar

A

saccharoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

resembling pendant cylinders or cones

A

stalactitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

radiating invdividuals forming star like or circular groups

A

stellated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Crystal aggregates produced by partial or complete filling of subspherical cavity as crystallization proceeds from the walls inwards

A

geodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

aggregates consist of sub-spherical bodies that include both newly precipitated crystals and pre-existing material formed by growing outward from a central nucleus within a rock body and incorporating pre-existing mineral material as they do so

A

concretions/concretionary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Resistance of minerals to scratching or abrasion by a sharp tool

A

Hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Invented the Mohs Scale

A

Frederic Mohs 1824

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

relative hardness scale

A

Mohs Scale of Hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

hardness of fingernail

A

2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

hardness of a copper penny

A

3.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

hardness of a wire nail

A

4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

hardness of a glass plate and Knife blade

A

5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

hardness of a streak plate

A

6.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Mohs Scale Minerals
(The Good Cat Flew Around Our Queen To Catch Dogs)

A

Talc
Gypsum
Calcite
Fluorite
Apatite
Orthoclase
Quartz
Topaz
Corundum
Diamond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Soft minerals

A

= 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Intermediate

A

3-5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Hard

A

> /=5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Quantitative measure of hardness of minerals

A

Knoop Hardness Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is the basis of Knoop scale?

A

Absolute hardness related to stress required to indent a polished mineral surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Formula for knoop

A

(Force applied x Time of application)/ Size of indentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

The larger the identation the ______ the mineral

A

softer (Inversely proportional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Knoop of Scale

A

T 1
G 32
C 135
F 163
A 430
O 560
Q 820
T 1340
C 1800
D 7000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Hardness of a mineral depends on

A

1) Bond Strength
2) Density of Concentration in a crystal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

mass per unit volume

A

density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

units of density

A

kg/cu m or g/ cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

the number of atoms per unit volume

A

packing index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Density is proportional to

A

1) Packing index
2) Atomic Mass Number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Ratio of the density of a material and the density of pure water at STP

A

Specific gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

STP

A

3.9 deg celsius / 273.15 kelvin/ 32F
1 atm (101.325 kPa) 760mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

density of water at STP

A

1 g/cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

simply the total mass accelerated by gravity

A

weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

what is the average acc due to gravity?

A

9.8 m/s^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

unit of weight

A

Newton or kg-m/s^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

density of gold

A

19.3 g/cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Sg of Gold

A

19.3 unitless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

a cubic cm of gold has a total mass of

A

19.3 g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

weight of a cubic cm of gold

A

0.196 N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

response of minerals to short term stresses at normal surface temp and presure

A

Tenacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Ability of being bent and returning to their orig shape when stress is released

A

Elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

ability to be bent but not returning to orig shape

A

Flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

plastic behaviour which can be hammered into thin sheets

A

Malleability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

plastic behaviour which can be draw into thin wires

A

Ductility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

minerals which breaks or fractures upon applying stress

A

Brittle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

can be cut into thin shavings

A

sectile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

External surface formed when mineral ceases to grow

A

Growth Surface

87
Q

External surface formed when minerals is broken from its host rocks

A

Breakage Surface

88
Q

relatively flat surfaces generated by mineral growth which is external expression of the minerals internal structure

A

crystal faces

89
Q

minerals completely enclosed by crystal faces

A

Euhedral

90
Q

minerals partially enclosed by crystal faces

A

subhedral

91
Q

minerals that possess no crystal faces

A

anhedral

92
Q

Cyrstal Nucleation in restricted space will result to

A

mineral surface that reflects the shape of that space

93
Q

Crystal Nucelation in a fluid

A

free to grow and will be completely envlopd by crystal faces

94
Q

Flat, planar, light-reflecting breakage surfaces that represent zone of weak planes in the crystal structures

A

Cleavage

95
Q

Diagnostic properties of a cleavage surface

A

1) flat, planar surface
2) Light reflecting
3) Repeating of flat surfaes as sets of parallel surfaces

96
Q

The number of sets or directions of cleavage equals the number of?

A

sets or directions of weakly bonded planes in the mineral structure

97
Q

Mineral with 1 set of cleavage

A

Mica

98
Q

mineral with 2 set at 90 deg

A

Feldspar - Orthoclase

99
Q

Mineral with 2 set at 57 and 123

A

Amphibole

100
Q

Mineral with 3 set at 90 (Cubic)

A

Halite and Galena

101
Q

Mineral with 3 set not at 90 (Rhombohedral)

A

Calcite and Dolomite

102
Q

Mineral with 4 sets (octahedral)

A

Fluorite

103
Q

Mineral with 6 sets (dodecahedral)

A

Sphalerite

104
Q

Cyrstal variety of gypsum

A

Selenite

105
Q

Fibrous aggregates variety of gypsum

A

Satinspar

106
Q

Massive variety of gypsum

A

alabaster

107
Q

Non-flat, less reflective, non-parallel breakage surface

A

Fracture surfaces

108
Q

When will a mineral have fracture surface?

A

When cleavage is less than 3 sets

109
Q

facture marked by smooth, curved surface which occur both in minerals and rocks develops when a material have similar total bond strength in all directions

A

Conchoidal

110
Q

Minerals with Conchoidal farcture

A

Qtz, garnet, Olivine , Chalcedony, opal

111
Q

Rocks with conchoidal fracture

A

Obsidian, Flint, chert

112
Q

Most common fracture in minerals that are uneven or irregular usually produced in fine grained, randomly oriented mineral aggregates

A

Uneven or irregular fracture

113
Q

Minerals with Uneven fracture

A

Alabaster, granular olivine

114
Q

Fracture which tend to separate between fibers and is a characteristic of fibrous aggregates

A

Splintery Fracture

115
Q

Minerals with splintery faracture

A

Satinspar, Serpentine, Asbestos

116
Q

Fracture characterized by ragged sharp edges usuallly possesed by native elements Jagged Edges parang edges ng yero pag nagrust

A

Hackly Fracture

117
Q

Breakage surfaces that are related to stress or twinning after a mineral was formed

A

Parting Surfaces

118
Q

Minerals which have parting surface

A

Garnet and Corundum

119
Q

Parallel set of linear features that appear as engraved ridges and/or grooves on mineral surfaes

A

Striations

120
Q

Minerals with striations

A

Calcite, Plag (Due to twinning), Pyrite (due to pyritohedron)

121
Q

Salty mineral

A

Halite

122
Q

Bitter tasting mineral

A

Sylvite

123
Q

Sweet alkaline taste mineral

A

Borax

124
Q

Greasy feel is because of this kind of bond

A

Van der waals

125
Q

Very soft minerals with greasy feel

A

Talc, Graphite, Molybdenite

126
Q

Sulfides with sulfur smell

A

Marcasite
Sphalerite

127
Q

Arsenic bearing minerals with garlicky smell

A

Arsenopyrite
Realgar

128
Q

The phenomenon of fizzing when a drop of dilute HCl is placed on the specimen

A

Effervescence

129
Q

Minerals that exhibit effervescence

A

Calcite, Aragonite, Witherte, Rhodochrosie

130
Q

mineral which fizzes only in powdered form or hcl is heated

A

dolomite

131
Q

wavelength range of light

A

700nm (Violet) to 300 nm (Red)

132
Q

thie refers to the property of transmitting light by minerals

A

Diaphaneity (Opacity)

133
Q

Minerals which do not transmit light

A

Opaque

134
Q

What is the general streak of opaque minerals?

A

dk. Gray to blk

135
Q

Minerals that transmit a significant portion of incident light

A

Transparent

136
Q

What is the general streak of transparent minerals?

A

White

137
Q

Minerals that transmit some light but not enough to transmit an image

A

Translucent

138
Q

General streak of translucent minerals

A

White or colored streaks that are not gray or black

139
Q

what is the best way to check diaphaneity?

A

To hold the specimen up to the light and peer through the thinnest edge

140
Q

Apperance of a mineral surface in reflected light based on the light reflected on the surface of a mineral, light scattered from the surface and light absorbed by the mineral

A

Luster

141
Q

characteristic of mienral that reflect and/or reradiate large amounts of minimally scattered, coherent light and absorb the rest

Shiny but opaque

A

Metallic luster

142
Q

results from a larger amount of scattering of light or from the mienral being not quite opaque

A

Submetallic luster

143
Q

minerals with distinctive submetallic luster

A

Chromite, Magnetite and Bornite

144
Q

Reflect little or no coherent light which are usually fine grained granular affregates so that they scatter light

A

Dull or earthy luster

145
Q

Reflect extremelt bright coherent light which produce unusually replendent quality

A

Adamantine

146
Q

Opaque Mineral with Adamantine Luster

A

Rutile

147
Q

Transparent minerals with Adamantine Luster

A

Sphalerite
Diamond
Emerald
Ruby
Sapphire

148
Q

Minerals that transmit light possess this kind of luster

A

Non metallic

149
Q

Streak of minerals with non metallic lusters

A

White or other colored not gray or black

150
Q

luster of shiny glass

A

Vitreous

151
Q

Minerals with vitreous luster

A

Qtz, Calc, Fluorite

152
Q

subdued compared to vitreous and adamantine because of partial scattering of light or by internal scattering of light

A

Subvitreous

153
Q

luster of minerals with fibrous habit that consists of parallel fibrous aggregates

A

Silky luster

154
Q

luster typical of floor wax

A

Waxy

155
Q

Luster similar to amber or tree sap

A

Resinous

156
Q

common when mineral has a perfect cleavage and hence partially separated into thin plates

A

Pearly

157
Q

color of the mineral powde by scratching a mineral on an unglazed porcelain plate

A

Streak

158
Q

Hardness of a streak plate

A

6.5

159
Q

Minerals that transmit mixture of all wavelengths of light have this streak

A

white

160
Q

Minerals, usually opaque, which absorbs light has this streak

A

Black to gray

161
Q

Minerals that selectively transmit or absorb wavelengths

A

Clored streak

162
Q

Streak of hematite

A

Brick red

163
Q

what wavelength is being transmitted by hematite

A

Red

164
Q

What wavelength is bein transmited by azurite

A

Blue

165
Q

What wavelengths is being transmitted by malachite

A

Blue and Yellow

166
Q

the result of a complex interplay among reflection, absorption, transmission, refraction, scattering and dispersion of light as it interacts with the mienera’s chemical and structural component

A

Color

167
Q

Minerals that are self colored which have relatively constant shade of color, indepenent of any impurities and/or defects

A

Idiochromatic

168
Q

Idiochromatic minerals

A

Azurite - Blue
Malachite - Green
Sulfur - Yellow
Galena - Gray

169
Q

minerals which are characterized by colors that vary from one specimen to another or even within the same specimen and is strongly influenced by impurities or defects “Foreign colored”

A

Allochromatic

170
Q

colorless quartz

A

Rock Crystal

171
Q

White Quartz

A

Milky quartz

172
Q

pink quartz

A

Rose quartz

173
Q

honey brown or dark brown quartz

A

Smoky quartz

174
Q

Yellow quartz

A

citrine

175
Q

Blue to green quartz

A

Aventurine

176
Q

Purple quartz

A

Amethyst

177
Q

Impurities in Minerals usually transition elemetns which produce change in color

A

Chromophores

178
Q

collective term for the change of colors as angle of incident light changes

A

Play of colors

179
Q

caused by inclusions oriented accdng to te host mineral’s crystal structures which produces six sided star-like pattern as light is scattered by the inclusios at specific indicent angles

A

Asterism

180
Q

Characteristic of certain fibrous minerals in which a band of light moves from side to side perpendicular to the fibers especially when they are curved

A

Chatoyancy

181
Q

Minerals that exhibit chatoyancy

A

Satinspar fibrous gypsum
Tiger’s eye quartz

182
Q

Minerals display a play of colors when rotated because of scattering of light from zones of contrasting compostion within the mineral

A

Iridiscence

183
Q

Iridiscense shown by a plagioclase feldspar

A

Labradoresence

184
Q

Another name for labradorescence

A

Schiller effect

185
Q

a soft glow of light that floats just under the surface of a polished gemstone and is observed in some semi-translucent to translucent feldspar

A

Adularescence

186
Q

Gemstone that exhibit adularescence

A

Moonstone

187
Q

pearly reflection from the interior of a mineral like the effect of a glass of water which a few drops of milk has been added

A

Opalescence

188
Q

Property when a mineral emit light when subjected to an external source of energy

A

Luminiscence

189
Q

original energy state

A

Ground state

190
Q

Occurs when a mineral is subjected to short wavelength radiation such as gamma, xray and UV..

A

Fluorescence

191
Q

Occurs when mineral exhibit visible light after it is no longer subjected to the incident radiation

A

Phosphoresence

192
Q

occur when mineral emit light when heated to 50-475 deg cel

A

Thermoluminiscnce

193
Q

Materials emit light in response to stress induced by rubbing or crushing of specimen

A

Triboluminisence

194
Q

Mineral which shows triboluminisnce

A

Milky quartz

195
Q

mineral changes in color upon exposure to sunlight and UV light

A

Photochromism/tenebresence

196
Q

Mineral which exhibit tenebresence

A

Hackmanite (Sodalite)

197
Q

Most ferrimagnetic minerals

A

Magnetite, Pyrrhotite

198
Q

strongly magnetic variety of magnetite

A

Iodestone

199
Q

Minerals strongly attracte to magnets and can retain magnetizations for long periods of time

A

Ferromagnetic- Ferrimagnetic

200
Q

Minerals weakly attracted to strong magnets become magnetized in an external magnetic field but lose such property when the said field is removed

A

Paramagnetic

201
Q

Not attracted to magnet even to very powerful ones and can even repell them

A

Diamagnetic

202
Q

Minerals that lack the presnce of transition metals or other magnetic ions

A

Diamagnetic Minerals

203
Q

Magnetic ions in a mienral have a completely random orientaion

A

Paramagnetic

204
Q

Natural tendencey for pair of ions to align in opposite directions so that there is spin pairing between adjacent magnetic ions

A

Antiferromagnetic

205
Q

excess magnetic ions aligned in one direction

A

ferrimagnetism

206
Q

increase in temperature induces electric current that flows from one end of the crystal to the other

A

Pyroelectricity

207
Q

electric current flow is procued by a pressure or stress applie to one end of the minerals

A

Piezoelectricity

208
Q

What kind of minerals possess such propoerties

A

Anisotropic that lack a center of symmetry

209
Q

QUALITIE OF GEM

A

Ornanetal Value
Beauty
Durability
Rarity
Fashionability
Portability

210
Q

Tektites

A

Black to Brown Natural Glass formed from Terrestrial debris from meteorite impacts

211
Q

Impactites

A

A rock produced during the impact of a meteorite on a planetary surface

212
Q

Fulgurites

A

glass silica mineral (lechatelierite) fused in the heat from a lighnting strike

213
Q

Psuedotachylite

A

Forms due to friction melting of rocks and. Or shearing due to impact

GLE 2024 (Day 2) (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions