IGNEOUS PETROLOGY (PYROCLASTICS) Flashcards

1
Q

Literal meaning of pyroclastic

A

Fiery Fragments

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2
Q

An individual material/particle ejected during volcanic eruption

A

Pyrcoclast

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3
Q

Any rock consists of unreworked solid material of whatever size explosively or serially ejected from a volcanic vent

A

Pyroclastic Rock/Tephra

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4
Q

Formed if the outside of the bomb solidify during their flight and develop cracked surface and the interiors continue to expand

A

Breadcrust Bombs

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5
Q

Rock Fragments formed from ejected droplet of Magma

A

Lapilli

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6
Q

Small spherical balls of volcanic ash that form a wet nucleus falling though a volcanic ash cloud. They can flatten on hitting the ground or may roll on loose ash and grow like a snowball

A

Accretionary Lapilli

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7
Q

All Fresh Volcanic ejecta including GLASS and Minerals coming directly from the magma involved

A

Essential or Juvenile

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8
Q

Solid fragments of volacanic rock derived from the conduit or crater walls and eruptive column

A

Accessory

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9
Q

Solid chips from the subvolcanic basement wether igneous, sed or met

A

Accidental

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10
Q

Injection to the atmosphere followed by fallout

A

Pyroclastic Fall

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11
Q

Ground Hugging , relatively high particle concentration

A

Pyroclastic Flow

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12
Q

Relatively low particle concentration and usually found at the base of a eruption column

A

Pyroclastic Surge

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13
Q

?Mantle bedding with plane parallel and no internal erosion
?Well sorted
?Ragged and angular shape

A

Fall

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14
Q

?Non Mantling Beds thickening at low lying areas with cross stratificatio. Pinch and swerll bedding and scoured contacts.
?Moderately Sorted
?Juvenile Clasts with moderate rounding

A

surge

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15
Q

?Landscape Filling units, generally poorly bedded to non-bedded
?Poor Sorted
?Rounded Juvenile Clasts

A

Flow

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16
Q

Processes of Fragmentation

A

1) Pyroclastics - Ejections an aerial dispersal of pyrcolasts -Vitroclasts
2) Autoclastics - Breaking up of a cooler crust or margin - Autoclast
3) Epicalsts - weatehring and disintergration of volcanic rocks - Epiclasts

17
Q

Group of clasts or clasts plus interstitial fluid move together and interact

A

Mass Flow Transport

18
Q

Clasts are entrained in moving interstitial flyids and are free to behave without interaction

A

Traction Transport

19
Q

Clasts are fullt suspended in interstitial fluid

A

Suspension Transport

20
Q

Hot avalances in association with extrusion of lava domes and lava flows

A

Nuee Ardentes/ Bloack and Ash Flow

21
Q

Forms by the Collapse of a Vertical explosive column

A

Scoria and Ash Flow

22
Q

Upwelling and overflow direct from vents

A

Pumiecous and Scoaria Pyroclastic Flows