Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GLE 2024 (Day 2) > IGNEOUS PETROLOGY (VOLCANIC FEATURES) > Flashcards

IGNEOUS PETROLOGY (VOLCANIC FEATURES) Flashcards

1
Q

A neraly circular depression produced by the ejection of rock during volcanic eruptions

A

Crater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Elonagted Linear features from which lava is erupted onto the surface

A

Fissure Vents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A volcanic eruption in which lava is ejected on the sides or base of a volcano which may inolve fissures or isolated cylindrical vents

A

Flank Eruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Smaller Volcanoes that are produced along the summit, side or base of larger volcanoes during low discharge flank eruption

A

Parasitic Volcanoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Large generally circular to oval depression caused by subsidence of earth’s surface due to very large volcanic eruption size is >1-2km

A

Caldera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type of caldera formed by collapse of the summit of a volcanic volcano following an explosive eruption of silica-rich pumice and ash fragmets

A

Crater-like Caldera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Collapse of the top of a shield volcano caused by subtrarrenean draianage from a central magma chamber

A

Hawaiian-type Caldera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Collapse of very large area caused by collosal volumes of silca rich pumice and ash along fractures

A

Yellowstone Type Caldera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Volcaoes that had eruption in historic time last 600 years
Has oral and written folklore history w/c suggest eruption
Shows seismic activities
has volcanic deposits with ages <10,000 years old

A

Active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Landform is young looking geomorphically
Low degree of erosion and dissection
Presence of young vent features, little or no vegetatio
w/suspected seismic actvities

A

Potentially Active/Dormant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

No Record of eruptions for the last 10,000 years
form is beginning to change by weathering and eruption
Formation of deep and long gullies and valleys

A

Extinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is/are the controls of the size of a volcanic landform?

A

Frequence and Duration of Eruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the controls of the shape and explosiveness of a volcano?

A

Viscosity
Composition
Temperature
Volatile Content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the analogy of viscosity of Rhyolitic lava?

A

Smooth Peanut Butter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the analogy of viscosity of Basaltic lava?

A

Ketchup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the product of outpourings of Low Viscosity (Very Fluid) BASALTIC lava that enevlop hundreds of thousands of Square kilometers

A

Flood Basalts/
Large Igneous Provinces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Differentiate Oceanic Flood Plateus an Continental Flood Plateaus

A

Oceanic:Hotspots in marine Settings
Continental: hotposts on Land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Example of Oceanic Flood Plateaus

A

Ontong Java Plateau, W.Pacific
Kergeulen Plateau, Indian Ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Exmaple of Continental Flood Plateaus

A

Deccan Traps - India
Siberian Traps/Flood Basalts - Russia
Karoo Flood Basalts - East Africa
Columbia River/Snake River Plain Flood Basalt - N. Am

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Largest Flood Basalt of All which includes both marine and continental deposits distributed thoughout the Atlantic Ocean recording the break-up of Pangaea

A

Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Youngest Flood Basalt

A

Columbia River (17Ma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are lava plateaus?

A

Formed when lava flood fill in lower areas and cools into a relatively flat surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long is the Ocean Ridges which consists of long global network of submarine rift mountains characterized by horizontal extension and basaltic volcanism

A

65,000 Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MOR above sea level which represents underlyin hotspots

A

Iceland
Galapagods Island
Azores Islands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Forms as hot basaltic magma reacts with cold sea water resulting to differential cooling with the interior cooling more slowly than the outer shell which is quencehed easily producing glassy rind.

A

Pillow Basalts/Lava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Vents produced by Hydrothermal Activity that emit plumes of dark, hot (350-400) , metal- and sulfide-rich solutions that precipitate black, sulfide-rich mounds which can grow to chimney like tower structures.

A

Black Smoker Vents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the deposits associated with Black Smokes?

A

VMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Chimney like tower structures that are light-colored because of the precipitation of mienrals like calcite, gypsum, barite and quartz formed by the hydrothermal reactions between harzburgitic mantle and seawater

A

White Smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Submersible that helped geologists study the Mid Oceanic Ridges

A

Alvin Sumbersible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

BROAD, GENTRLY SLOPING (2-19 deg) that cover hundreds to thousands of square kilomteres with shape resembling that of the defensive shields used by ancient warriors

A

Shield Volcanoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Highest Volcanic Relief on Earth

A

Mauna Kea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

airborne blobs of liquid lava emitted by fountains are referred to as (Tulo ng Lava Fountain)

A

Splatters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Welded blobs of liquid lava that cooled and solidified at the base of the laval fountain (tumigas na lava fountain)

A

Welded Splatter or Agglutinate Deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When welded splatter accumulates around a central vent and reached a considerable height of less than 20m

A

Spatter Cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Linear Ridges produced by lava fountains along fissures

A

Spatter Ramparts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Black glassy streamlined particles form when Lava Droplets are quenched during flight

A

Pele’s tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Formed when small lava droplets are propelled through the air and some are stretched into GOLDEN ACICULAR Strands

A

Pele’s Hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Elevated lateral banks that contain laval flow within a stream like chanel

A

Lava levee

39
Q

Shallow subterranean tunnels, channeling lava beneath thin solidifed basaltic roofs

A

Lava Tubes

40
Q

Flow which Consists of low viscosity runny basaltic lava which produces thin flows with a billowing, ripple or ROPEY (Rope-like) surface.

A

Pahoehoe lava

41
Q

A more viscous magma than the former which produce thicker, slower moving lava flows with Angular, Jagged, Fractured surface which is described to be Spiny, Rubbly and/or Clinkery

A

Aa Lava

42
Q

What type of lava will be produced over steep crater walls where there is higher shear stresses?

A

Aa Lava

43
Q

Consists of smooth sided blocks up to several meters in diamter that tumble downslpe and produced volcanic breccias when lithified

A

Block Lava

44
Q

Areas of the world where Composite Volcanoes are common

A

Pacific Ring of Fire
Eastern Indian Ocean

45
Q

Magma that solidifies within the throat or conduit of the volcano which stops the release of the fluids an fomrmed as shallow(hypasbyssal plutonic features)

A

Volcanic Plug

46
Q

Develops whens such hypabyssal plutonic feature is pushed up throught the conduit forming a vertical column on Earth’s Surface

A

Spines

47
Q

A level to which water vapor begins to separate from the magma

A

Level of Exsolution

48
Q

A level in which expanding gas bubble will rupture generating glassy bubble wall fragments called shards

A

Level of Fragmentation

49
Q

Large volumes of frothy pumice fragments and hot gases that accelerate upward out of a vent to great heights

A

Vertucal Plume or Eruption Column

50
Q

Lowest part of the eruption column consist of material thrust from the vent by expanding gases at 100-600 m/s velicity

A

Gas Thrust Region

51
Q

Upper region produced by convective rise of heated atmospheric gasses and fragments

A

Convective Thrust Region

52
Q

Similar to the mushroom shaped clouds produced by thermonuclear bomb explosions and begins to spread laterally as the result of temperature inversions in the atmosphere

A

Umbrella Region

53
Q

What are the three levels of a Eruption Column

A

Umbrella Region
Convective Thrust Region
Gas Thrust Regons

54
Q

Behaviour of eruption column when the middle region exhibits buoyancy due to low paticle concentration within the hot plume as well as heating and mixing with the surroundung atmospheric air. The Column equilibriates with the atmosphere

A

Convective Thrust

55
Q

Plume occurs due to negative bouyance resulting from high particle concentrations within the dispersion and/or insufficient heating and mixing with te surrounding atmosphere this means the plume is denser than the surrounding air thus initiating pyroclastic flows

A

Gravitational collapse

56
Q

Produced by airborne pyroclasts propelled upwar in an eupion column in which the densest are deposited first followed by increasingly finer grained particles

A

Pyroclastic Fall

57
Q

Characteristics of Pyrcolastic Fall depoist

A

Blanket or Mantle Layering
Fining Away from the source
Fining Upwards

58
Q

Cemented distal ash particles which are lightweight Porous, poorly cemented and rather soft

A

Ash Fall Tuffs

59
Q

Aggregate of wet ash due to the moisture within the eruption column

A

Accretionary Lapilli

60
Q

Consists of high concertation trubulent mixtures of hot rock fragments and gases that hugs the ground (Ground Hugging)

A

Pyroclastic Flow

61
Q

Characteristcis of Pyroclastic Flow deposits

A

Chaotic Mixture due to rapid deposition
Filling deposists of low elevation

62
Q

Very low density, extremely hot, gasesous flows containing ash to lapilli particles that has velocity of 100 km/h. Low density allows this type of flow to defy gravity and climb upwards from valleys enveloping higehr slopes and ridges. Generated by plume collapse or difected Blasts

A

Pyroclastic Surges

63
Q

Characteristics of Pyrfoclastic surge deposit

A

Thin on the crests
Thick on the troughs

64
Q

Low to moderate density, hot vesiculated flows

A

Pumice/Scoria Flows

65
Q

Very hard volcanic rock composed of lithic and crystal fragments in a glassy ground mass

A

Ignimbrites

66
Q

Fluidized mixtures of hot, incandescent rock fragments and gases that flow along the surface as a glowing cloud of billowing pyroclastic debris generated by collapse of laval domes
Tandaan ang deposits dito ay galing sa collapse Lava Dome

A

Nuees Ardents (French for Fiery Clouds)

67
Q

Deposits of Nuee Ardentes

A

Block and Ash
Blocks in a fine grained Ash with very few vesicles

68
Q

Volcanic Mudflows up to tens of meters thich with the consistency of wet sement

A

Lahars

69
Q

Instances of Lahar formation

A

1) Syn-Eruption Lahar
2) Early Post-Eruption Lahar
3) Late Post-Eruption Lahar

70
Q

Another therms for Rhyolite Calderas

A

1) Supervolcanoes
2) Inverse Vlcanoes

71
Q

Largest Rhyolite Volcano on Earth

A

Lake Toba

72
Q

Best Known Rhyolite Caldera

A

Yellowstone

73
Q

Volcano in Columbia part of the Andes Moutains which killed 23,000 people in 1985

A

Nevado del Ruiz

74
Q

Village which was buried by the 1985 eruptio

A

Armero

75
Q

Eruption of krakatoa which generated a massive tusnami

A

1883 Krakatoa Eruption

76
Q

Place where the Dec 26, 2004 tsunami killed over 200,000 People caused by underwater earthquale

A

Banda Aceh

77
Q

Eruption which involves interaction between magma and heated ground water which results to liquid water vaporization which serves as a propellan fuel for the explosive eruption of tephra

A

Phreatomagmatic

78
Q

Gently sloping circular sturctures composed of stratififed glassy volcanic debris and scoria and develop due to the explosive eruption of basalt in a lake, beach or wetland environment.
Essentially, shallow water cinder cones in which pyroclastic material has been REWORKED by waves action distributing volcanic debris around the vent

A

Tuff Rings

79
Q

Circular volcanic cones formed by the eruption of basalt in water and are associated to tuff rings but are smaller and steeper featuers which may be due to less explosive eruptions of shorter durations

Layers ip also inward near neck

A

Tuff Cones

80
Q

Low/Negative Relief volcanic craters form by shallow explosive pheratomagmatic eruptons in which the volcanic crater becomes freshwater or saine lake

A

Maars

81
Q

Eruption of heated water only and steam without magma

A

Phreatic Eruption

82
Q

Deposits produced bty Phreatic Eruption

A

1) Siliceous Sinters
2) Tufa Limestones
3) Sulfides and other hydrothermal deposits

83
Q

Occurs where groundwater is heated by proximity to Magma

A

Hot Springs

84
Q

Eruptive hot springs that eject fountains of heated water periodically

A

Geysers

85
Q

emit mixtures of steam and other gases such as Hydrigen Sulfide

A

Fumaroles/Solfataras

86
Q

A sulfur rich soil and rock

A

Sulfaterra

87
Q

Glacial Melwater floods caused by sudden burst of glacial lake water or water contained within a glacier produced by sub-glacial volcanic eruptions

A

Jokulhaulps

88
Q

Quiescent eruptons which occur at ocean spreading ridges and hot spots and characterized by low viscosity Basaltic Lava due to faster rate of Gas exsolution compared to upward migration of magma

A

1) Hawaiian
2) Icelandic
3) Strombolian
4) Surtseyan

89
Q

Explosive eruptions which occur at onvergent margin volcanoes and rhyolite caldera complexes which is characterized by massive ash clouds of up to >10km in height, glowing nuee ardentes and devastating pyroclastic flows and lahars

A

1) Vulcanian
2) Vesuvian
3) Plinian
4) Ultraplinian

90
Q

Classifications of Volcanic Eruption based on observable features

A

Volcanic Explosivity Index

91
Q

at what depths will subduction generate partial melting and eventually produce a volcano?

A

100 km

92
Q

All Fresh Volcanic ejecta including GLASS and Minerals

A

Essential or Juvenile

93
Q

Solid fragments of volacanic rock derived from the conduit or crater walls and eruptive column

A

Accessory

94
Q

Solid chips from the subvolcanic basement wether igneous, sed or met

A

Accidental

GLE 2024 (Day 2) (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions