Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GLE 2024 (Day 2) > IGNEOUS PETROLOGY (VOLCANIC FEATURES) > Flashcards

IGNEOUS PETROLOGY (VOLCANIC FEATURES) Flashcards

1
Q

A neraly circular depression produced by the ejection of rock during volcanic eruptions

A

Crater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Elonagted Linear features from which lava is erupted onto the surface

A

Fissure Vents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A volcanic eruption in which lava is ejected on the sides or base of a volcano which may inolve fissures or isolated cylindrical vents

A

Flank Eruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Smaller Volcanoes that are produced along the summit, side or base of larger volcanoes during low discharge flank eruption

A

Parasitic Volcanoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Large generally circular to oval depression caused by subsidence of earth’s surface due to very large volcanic eruption size is >1-2km

A

Caldera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type of caldera formed by collapse of the summit of a volcanic volcano following an explosive eruption of silica-rich pumice and ash fragmets

A

Crater-like Caldera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Collapse of the top of a shield volcano caused by subtrarrenean draianage from a central magma chamber

A

Hawaiian-type Caldera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Collapse of very large area caused by collosal volumes of silca rich pumice and ash along fractures

A

Yellowstone Type Caldera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Volcaoes that had eruption in historic time last 600 years
Has oral and written folklore history w/c suggest eruption
Shows seismic activities
has volcanic deposits with ages <10,000 years old

A

Active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Landform is young looking geomorphically
Low degree of erosion and dissection
Presence of young vent features, little or no vegetatio
w/suspected seismic actvities

A

Potentially Active/Dormant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

No Record of eruptions for the last 10,000 years
form is beginning to change by weathering and eruption
Formation of deep and long gullies and valleys

A

Extinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is/are the controls of the size of a volcanic landform?

A

Frequence and Duration of Eruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the controls of the shape and explosiveness of a volcano?

A

Viscosity
Composition
Temperature
Volatile Content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the analogy of viscosity of Rhyolitic lava?

A

Smooth Peanut Butter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the analogy of viscosity of Basaltic lava?

A

Ketchup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the product of outpourings of Low Viscosity (Very Fluid) BASALTIC lava that enevlop hundreds of thousands of Square kilometers

A

Flood Basalts/
Large Igneous Provinces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Differentiate Oceanic Flood Plateus an Continental Flood Plateaus

A

Oceanic:Hotspots in marine Settings
Continental: hotposts on Land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Example of Oceanic Flood Plateaus

A

Ontong Java Plateau, W.Pacific
Kergeulen Plateau, Indian Ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Exmaple of Continental Flood Plateaus

A

Deccan Traps - India
Siberian Traps/Flood Basalts - Russia
Karoo Flood Basalts - East Africa
Columbia River/Snake River Plain Flood Basalt - N. Am

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Largest Flood Basalt of All which includes both marine and continental deposits distributed thoughout the Atlantic Ocean recording the break-up of Pangaea

A

Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Youngest Flood Basalt

A

Columbia River (17Ma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are lava plateaus?

A

Formed when lava flood fill in lower areas and cools into a relatively flat surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long is the Ocean Ridges which consists of long global network of submarine rift mountains characterized by horizontal extension and basaltic volcanism

A

65,000 Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MOR above sea level which represents underlyin hotspots

A

Iceland
Galapagods Island
Azores Islands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Forms as hot basaltic magma reacts with cold sea water resulting to differential cooling with the interior cooling more slowly than the outer shell which is quencehed easily producing glassy rind.
Pillow Basalts/Lava
26
Vents produced by Hydrothermal Activity that emit plumes of dark, hot (350-400) , metal- and sulfide-rich solutions that precipitate black, sulfide-rich mounds which can grow to chimney like tower structures.
Black Smoker Vents
27
What are the deposits associated with Black Smokes?
VMS
28
Chimney like tower structures that are light-colored because of the precipitation of mienrals like calcite, gypsum, barite and quartz formed by the hydrothermal reactions between harzburgitic mantle and seawater
White Smokers
29
Submersible that helped geologists study the Mid Oceanic Ridges
Alvin Sumbersible
30
BROAD, GENTRLY SLOPING (2-19 deg) that cover hundreds to thousands of square kilomteres with shape resembling that of the defensive shields used by ancient warriors
Shield Volcanoes
31
Highest Volcanic Relief on Earth
Mauna Kea
32
airborne blobs of liquid lava emitted by fountains are referred to as (Tulo ng Lava Fountain)
Splatters
33
Welded blobs of liquid lava that cooled and solidified at the base of the laval fountain (tumigas na lava fountain)
Welded Splatter or Agglutinate Deposits
34
When welded splatter accumulates around a central vent and reached a considerable height of less than 20m
Spatter Cones
35
Linear Ridges produced by lava fountains along fissures
Spatter Ramparts
36
Black glassy streamlined particles form when Lava Droplets are quenched during flight
Pele's tears
37
Formed when small lava droplets are propelled through the air and some are stretched into GOLDEN ACICULAR Strands
Pele's Hair
38
Elevated lateral banks that contain laval flow within a stream like chanel
Lava levee
39
Shallow subterranean tunnels, channeling lava beneath thin solidifed basaltic roofs
Lava Tubes
40
Flow which Consists of low viscosity runny basaltic lava which produces thin flows with a billowing, ripple or ROPEY (Rope-like) surface.
Pahoehoe lava
41
A more viscous magma than the former which produce thicker, slower moving lava flows with Angular, Jagged, Fractured surface which is described to be Spiny, Rubbly and/or Clinkery
Aa Lava
42
What type of lava will be produced over steep crater walls where there is higher shear stresses?
Aa Lava
43
Consists of smooth sided blocks up to several meters in diamter that tumble downslpe and produced volcanic breccias when lithified
Block Lava
44
Areas of the world where Composite Volcanoes are common
Pacific Ring of Fire Eastern Indian Ocean
45
Magma that solidifies within the throat or conduit of the volcano which stops the release of the fluids an fomrmed as shallow(hypasbyssal plutonic features)
Volcanic Plug
46
Develops whens such hypabyssal plutonic feature is pushed up throught the conduit forming a vertical column on Earth's Surface
Spines
47
A level to which water vapor begins to separate from the magma
Level of Exsolution
48
A level in which expanding gas bubble will rupture generating glassy bubble wall fragments called shards
Level of Fragmentation
49
Large volumes of frothy pumice fragments and hot gases that accelerate upward out of a vent to great heights
Vertucal Plume or Eruption Column
50
Lowest part of the eruption column consist of material thrust from the vent by expanding gases at 100-600 m/s velicity
Gas Thrust Region
51
Upper region produced by convective rise of heated atmospheric gasses and fragments
Convective Thrust Region
52
Similar to the mushroom shaped clouds produced by thermonuclear bomb explosions and begins to spread laterally as the result of temperature inversions in the atmosphere
Umbrella Region
53
What are the three levels of a Eruption Column
Umbrella Region Convective Thrust Region Gas Thrust Regons
54
Behaviour of eruption column when the middle region exhibits buoyancy due to low paticle concentration within the hot plume as well as heating and mixing with the surroundung atmospheric air. The Column equilibriates with the atmosphere
Convective Thrust
55
Plume occurs due to negative bouyance resulting from high particle concentrations within the dispersion and/or insufficient heating and mixing with te surrounding atmosphere this means the plume is denser than the surrounding air thus initiating pyroclastic flows
Gravitational collapse
56
Produced by airborne pyroclasts propelled upwar in an eupion column in which the densest are deposited first followed by increasingly finer grained particles
Pyroclastic Fall
57
Characteristics of Pyrcolastic Fall depoist
Blanket or Mantle Layering Fining Away from the source Fining Upwards
58
Cemented distal ash particles which are lightweight Porous, poorly cemented and rather soft
Ash Fall Tuffs
59
Aggregate of wet ash due to the moisture within the eruption column
Accretionary Lapilli
60
Consists of high concertation trubulent mixtures of hot rock fragments and gases that hugs the ground (Ground Hugging)
Pyroclastic Flow
61
Characteristcis of Pyroclastic Flow deposits
Chaotic Mixture due to rapid deposition Filling deposists of low elevation
62
Very low density, extremely hot, gasesous flows containing ash to lapilli particles that has velocity of 100 km/h. Low density allows this type of flow to defy gravity and climb upwards from valleys enveloping higehr slopes and ridges. Generated by plume collapse or difected Blasts
Pyroclastic Surges
63
Characteristics of Pyrfoclastic surge deposit
Thin on the crests Thick on the troughs
64
Low to moderate density, hot vesiculated flows
Pumice/Scoria Flows
65
Very hard volcanic rock composed of lithic and crystal fragments in a glassy ground mass
Ignimbrites
66
Fluidized mixtures of hot, incandescent rock fragments and gases that flow along the surface as a glowing cloud of billowing pyroclastic debris generated by collapse of laval domes Tandaan ang deposits dito ay galing sa collapse Lava Dome
Nuees Ardents (French for Fiery Clouds)
67
Deposits of Nuee Ardentes
Block and Ash Blocks in a fine grained Ash with very few vesicles
68
Volcanic Mudflows up to tens of meters thich with the consistency of wet sement
Lahars
69
Instances of Lahar formation
1) Syn-Eruption Lahar 2) Early Post-Eruption Lahar 3) Late Post-Eruption Lahar
70
Another therms for Rhyolite Calderas
1) Supervolcanoes 2) Inverse Vlcanoes
71
Largest Rhyolite Volcano on Earth
Lake Toba
72
Best Known Rhyolite Caldera
Yellowstone
73
Volcano in Columbia part of the Andes Moutains which killed 23,000 people in 1985
Nevado del Ruiz
74
Village which was buried by the 1985 eruptio
Armero
75
Eruption of krakatoa which generated a massive tusnami
1883 Krakatoa Eruption
76
Place where the Dec 26, 2004 tsunami killed over 200,000 People caused by underwater earthquale
Banda Aceh
77
Eruption which involves interaction between magma and heated ground water which results to liquid water vaporization which serves as a propellan fuel for the explosive eruption of tephra
Phreatomagmatic
78
Gently sloping circular sturctures composed of stratififed glassy volcanic debris and scoria and develop due to the explosive eruption of basalt in a lake, beach or wetland environment. Essentially, shallow water cinder cones in which pyroclastic material has been REWORKED by waves action distributing volcanic debris around the vent
Tuff Rings
79
Circular volcanic cones formed by the eruption of basalt in water and are associated to tuff rings but are smaller and steeper featuers which may be due to less explosive eruptions of shorter durations Layers ip also inward near neck
Tuff Cones
80
Low/Negative Relief volcanic craters form by shallow explosive pheratomagmatic eruptons in which the volcanic crater becomes freshwater or saine lake
Maars
81
Eruption of heated water only and steam without magma
Phreatic Eruption
82
Deposits produced bty Phreatic Eruption
1) Siliceous Sinters 2) Tufa Limestones 3) Sulfides and other hydrothermal deposits
83
Occurs where groundwater is heated by proximity to Magma
Hot Springs
84
Eruptive hot springs that eject fountains of heated water periodically
Geysers
85
emit mixtures of steam and other gases such as Hydrigen Sulfide
Fumaroles/Solfataras
86
A sulfur rich soil and rock
Sulfaterra
87
Glacial Melwater floods caused by sudden burst of glacial lake water or water contained within a glacier produced by sub-glacial volcanic eruptions
Jokulhaulps
88
Quiescent eruptons which occur at ocean spreading ridges and hot spots and characterized by low viscosity Basaltic Lava due to faster rate of Gas exsolution compared to upward migration of magma
1) Hawaiian 2) Icelandic 3) Strombolian 4) Surtseyan
89
Explosive eruptions which occur at onvergent margin volcanoes and rhyolite caldera complexes which is characterized by massive ash clouds of up to >10km in height, glowing nuee ardentes and devastating pyroclastic flows and lahars
1) Vulcanian 2) Vesuvian 3) Plinian 4) Ultraplinian
90
Classifications of Volcanic Eruption based on observable features
Volcanic Explosivity Index
91
at what depths will subduction generate partial melting and eventually produce a volcano?
100 km
92
All Fresh Volcanic ejecta including GLASS and Minerals
Essential or Juvenile
93
Solid fragments of volacanic rock derived from the conduit or crater walls and eruptive column
Accessory
94
Solid chips from the subvolcanic basement wether igneous, sed or met
Accidental

GLE 2024 (Day 2) (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions