Milk Flashcards
Milk nutrients
HBP, calcium, fat, carbohydrates from lactose, vitamins A D C, minerals
What is the water content in milk
85%
What is the primary process of milk
The milking and heat treating.
What is the secondary process
Making the treated milk into cream, cheese, yogurt.
Where does milk come from
All Female mammals after giving birth to a calve
What animals produce milk
Cows, goats, buffalo, camels, sheep
How often are cows milked
Twice a day- morning and evening
How long do cows produce milk
3 years and then slaughtered
Average litres per day per cow
20 litres
What disease can cattle have
Tuberculosis
Where is milk stored
Holding tanks
Types of milk and fat content
Whole - blue ( 3.9%),semi skinned - green (1.7%), skimmed- red(0-0.5%), channel island- gold (5.1%)
Others= 1% milk, Filtered milk
How can the fat content of fat milk be adjusted.
Fat can be removed or reduced in the process
How to do Pasteurisation
Heat to 75 for 25 seconds then cool rapidly till 5
What does milk have to be heat treated
To destroy pathogenic bacteria and for safety for consumption
Does pasteurisation effect the milk
Other than killing bacteria the flavour stays the same, and the left life extends.
How to prevent the cream layer of milk
Homogenisation can ensure a uniform consistency in the whole milk, to prevent separation.
What happens after pasteurisation
The milk is safely sealed to maintain the purity.
Sterilisation of milk
Destroys all bacteria, heated to 50 and then heated to 110-130 for 10-30 minutes
How does sterilisation effect the milk
Alter flavour and colour, slightly reduce water soluble vitamins b and c, can be kept for up to 6 months.
How long should you drink milk when opened
5days
What is Ultra Heat Treated Milk
Process where fresh milk is heated to 135 for 1-2 seconds, cooled then sealed into TETRA-PACK packing
Where and how long can ultra heat treated milk be stored for
Stored unopened in fridge or cupboard, for 6 months
4 uses of milk
Enriching (adds nutrition),
Binding dry ingredients,
Moisture and consistency (makes sauces runnier),
Creaminess.
What is Condensed milk
Heated to 110-115 for 1min, then homogenisation, sugar added, evaporated at 55-60 , cooled to 39 then canned.
What is evaporated milk
50% of milk is evaporated, then homogenised, poured into cans, cans are heated to 115-120.
Changes in evaporated milk
Caramel flavour, richer colour, higher sugar level and fat content.
Storage of evaporated milk
Unopened in the cupboard for 12 months, in the fridge when opened
What is evaporated milk used for
Purée over deserts, making tarts au chocolat, added to coffee
Changes in Condensed milk
Very thick and sweet , syrupy consistency
Storage of condensed milk
Unopened for 12 months
Uses of condensed milk
Toffe, caramel, fudge, tarts, millionaire shortbread. Substitute for fresh milk in other countries.
What is dried milk
Evaporated water in milk, pasteurisation, homogenising, put in a chamber filled with hot air.
Change in dried milk
Dense fine dried powder
Storage of died milk
Airtight container, 12 months,
