Cereals Flashcards
What are cereals
A grain or seed such a s corn or wheat that is used in forms such as grains or flour
What are staple foods
The main part of the meal that provide nutrients from the basis of a traditional diet.
Examples of staple foods
Pasta , bread, rice, potatoes, lentils , corn,
Nutrition value of cereals
Starchy carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, and dietary fibre
Wheat can produce
Flour, biscuits, cakes, pasta
Facts on wheat
Most common in the uk, growna in many different solis
Structure of wheat
Endosperm,bran, germ
What is the endosperm in wheat
The main part that contains starch and proteins
Bran in wheat
The layer that covers the grain full of dietary fibre
Germ in wheat
The embryo of the plant that source of fat and vitamins B
Process of milling
Check quality, cleaning( taking out sticks and non what) ,grinding, sifting,quality standard
Check.
Grinding , sifting, separating, regrinding
After milling
The flour must the be sifting, separated regrinding made with nutrients, to make into different flours. Such as bleach.
Types of wheat flour
Whole meal ( nothing is added or taken)brown 85% original grain but germ removed) white (10-72% grain germ removed and most of bran)
Iron and calcium absorption in whole meal flour
Physics acid in wheat bran can limit ( the question) but can reduce cancers
What is the process to get flour from wheat
Primary processing
White flour made
Small amounts of bleaching agents, oxidising agents,and nutrients calcium, iron , b vitamin
Fortification
When nutrients have to be added legally required
How is self raising flour made
White flour and baking powder or raising agent.
Stoneground flour
Traditional way of grinding between 2 stones
What is strong flour used for
High protein content,
Bread making
Choux pastry
What is cake or sauce flour
Flour that has been made to produce the best result when making cakes and sauces
What is gluten free flour
Free from wheat, barley, oats. A mixture of rice, tapioca and maize
Symbol Is a wheat with a crossed. Crossed grain.
Secondary processes of wheat
Used to make food from flour. Cakes, pizza, noodles
How is gluten produced
Flour and water is added and the two proteins gliadins and glutenins mix. Gluten stretches the more it is kneaded/ worked
Coagulation
Heat causes the protein present to set
Retrogradation
Freezing or chilling products with wheat flour can weep when they defrost. As the moisture escapes
Where is rice a staple food
China and 90% of Asia use rice as a staple
Two types of rice
Short grain- plump moist grains that stick together for risotto.
Long grain- light and fluffy don’t stick
Rice products
Rice flour - macaroons, shortbread…
Rice paper, rice, boil in the bag, frozen, canned
What can be used to test for true … rice
DNA test can catch frauds and identify the varies of rice.
Other grains
Sorghum, quinoa, arrowroot, sago, tapioca.
