Midterm Flashcards
Carpetbaggers
Northerner who moved to the south after the civil war
Carry bag of carpet like material
Reconstruction
Period of rebuilding which followed civil war when the defeated confederate states were readmitted to the union
Abraham Lincolns plan
Andrew Johnson took over plan was different
Impeachment
The process of accusing a public official of wrongdoing
Andrew Johnson possibly but doesn’t happen bc he wants to punish south
Sharecroppers
System where landowners give farm workers land, seed, and tools in return for a part of the crops they raise
Bimetallism
The use of both gold and silver as a basis for national monetary system
Instead of paper money
Bonanza farm
Enormous farm where a single crop is grown
Soddy
Home built of blocks of turf
Dirt
Populism
Demanding ppl have a greater voice in gov. & seeking to advance interests of farmers and laborers
Movement for ppl that needed political help (railroad workers, African Americans
William McKinely tried to deny populism
Strikes
Work stoppage intended to force an employer to respond to demands
Interstate commerce act
Federal government right to supervise railroad activities and created 5-member interstate commission to do so
Regulate railroads because of the high taxing the consumers
Sherman antitrust act
Law intended to prevent creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade
Vertical integration vs horizontal
V-company’s taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over quality & Cost of its product (buying out suppliers)
H-merging of companies to make similar products
Americanization movement
Education program designed to help immigrants assimilate to American culture
Settlement house
Community center providing assistance to residents-particularly immigrants-in a slum neighborhood
Graft
Illegal use of political influence for personal gain
Patronage
Officeholders power to appoint people-usually those who have helped them get elected-to positions in gov.
Giving a friend a job even though they are not well suited for it
Pendleton civil service act
Prevented patronage
Had to take tests to be part of a job
Grandfather clause
Limit African American voters
Jim Crow laws
Laws enacted by southern states and local govs to separate white and black ppl in public and private facilities
Separate races
Plessy vs ferguson
Case where Supreme Court ruled that segregation of races in public accommodations was legal, separate but equal
Columbian exchange
Transfer beginning with Columbus’s first voyage-of plants,animals,and disease between Western Hemisphere and eastern
Articles of confederation
Document that outlined the form of government for the new United States
Constitution
Monroe doctrine
Policy to US opposition to any European interference in affairs of the Western Hemisphere
Impressment
Forcible seizure of men for military service
Kidnapping Americans
Manifest destiny
Belief that US would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory
Secession
Formal withdrawal of a state from the union
Popular sovereignty
System where residents vote to decide on an issue
Ppl choose & make own laws
Assimilation
Minority groups adoption of the beliefs and way of life of the dominant culture
Forcing native Americans to ex cut hair
Social Darwinism
Philosophy that only the fittest will survive
Good food good service =successful
Dred Scott
Slave whose owner took him from a slave state ➡️ free state
Free territory=free man
S. Court ruled against
13th amendment
Abolished slavery
14th amendment
Prevented states from denying right and privileges to US citizens
Citizenship
15th amendment
No one can be kept from voting bc of race, color, etc.
Right to vote only men
Massacre at wounded knee
Unclear shot was fired
US soldiers demand native Americans give up weapons.
US soldiers kill 300 mostly unarmed native Americans including children
Wake up call for US GOV
George Pullman
(Helped cities branch out)
Built factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars on Illinois prairie
Created a cult (town) around building railroad cars
Andrew Carnegie
Entered steel business by buying a stock
Manufactured more than all factories in Britain
Make better products more cheaply
Very successful
Leisure activities
Bicycling tennis baseball amusement parks
Skyscrapers
Took up less space
Limited and expensive space was used wisely
Had a lot of steel
Scabs
Strike breakers
Replacement workers
Triangle shirtwaist factory
All exit doors had locked except one because of the fear of theft.
A fire broke out and many women died
Lead to union and labor laws
Monopolies
Complete control over an industry’s production, wages, and prices by ex buying out all it’s competitors
Total Control over business
Robber barons
When in control of the market he hiked prices far above original levels
Trusts
Not legal mergers, ran separate companies ➡️ one large corporation = dividends on profits earned by the trust (large corporation)
Used to gain control
Join together to create monopoly
Row house
A single family dwelling that shared side walls with other similar houses
Collective bargaining
Negotiation between representative of labor and management
To reach written agreements on wages, hours, & working conditions
Time zones
Used for railroad working hours Eastern-Cali Mountain-Colorado,Montana Central-Oklahoma,Kentucky Pacific-ohio,Florida
Tammy hall
New York city’s powerful democratic political machine BOSS TWEED
Intolerable acts
Parliaments response to boston massacre and tea party by passing a series of measures like closing boston harbor and quartering act
The Alamo
Mission/fort in Texas where Mexicans massacred the rebellious texans
San Antonio Texas
Union
Workers Join together
George Custer
Split up forces bc he thought he was unbeatable
Battle of little big horn
Sitting bull,crazy horse, and Custer
Clusters men split up and ended up dead
Thomas Paine
Wrote common sense
Wanted independence
James Madison
4th president
Bicameral legislature-2 house-virginia plan
Wrote constitution
Thomas Jefferson
3rd president
Declaration of Independence life liberty and pursuit of happiness unalienable rights - never taken away
Homestead act
160 acres offering of land free to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of the household
Attraction of the west
Enforcement acts
Passed to try to stop power of organizations like the KKK
Say belief what they want but no violence
Stop power of violent groups
Railroads
Lead to openings off the west
