Ch 24 SS2 Flashcards
Name three OPEC countries
Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, U.A.E., Qatar, etc.
Name two things that the government did to reduce our dependence on foreign oil
Lower speed limit, odd-even days, closed schools and businesses
The easing of cold war tensions
Détente
Name two reasons that the U.S. government built the strategic petroleum reserve
Military emergencies, foreign oil embargos, business emergencies
Since the end of WWII, this has become the most powerful branch of government
Executive
Name one of the two reporters who broke the Watergate story
Woodward & Bernstein
Nixon fired the attorney general, and assistant attorney general: the special prosecutor was also fired. This was known as …
The Saturday night massacre
Gerald Ford was nominated as V.P. by Nixon after this V.P. resigned.
Spiro Agnew
This group of people was responsible for “plugging leaks” in the government
Plumbers
This former Gov.. of Georgia defeated Gerald Ford for President
Jimmy Carter
In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded this country
Afghanistan
The Camp David Accords was a peace treaty between these two countries
Israel and Egypt
Ayatollah Khomeini took control of this Middle East country
Iran
In 1979, the U.S. negotiated to return this property back to its Central American country
Panama Canal
Rachel Carson wrote the book “Silent Spring” which helped to get this chemical outlawed
DDT
What does E.P.A. stand for?
Environmental protection agency
The worlds worst nuclear disaster was known as…
Chernobyl
Alexander Butterfield disclosed to Congress that Pres. Nixon had a ….in the Oval Office
A telephone recording system
This Nixon program was designed to give power to the states. They would decide on their own how to spend their federal tax dollars?
Revenue sharing
This “Holiday” was set up to address concerns about the environment
Earth day
How many residents were evacuated in the wake of the accident at Three Mile Island?
100,000
This is the situation when you have rising prices and rising unemployment
Stagflation
The reporters who broke the Watergate story worked for this newspaper
The Washington post
•Most environmental activists were originally part of other activist groups. Name two of them
- Civil Rights activists
- Women’s Rights groups
- Anti-war groups
What does OPEC stand for?
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Days before sentencing ____ writes a letter to the presiding judge, ____ in which he confesses lying under oath and suggest White House involvement of the burglary
Jane McCord
John sirica
Nixon announced the resignations of — and ____, two of his closet advisors
HR haldeman
John ehrlichman
Plumbers
A group told to find and stop the leaks of the information to the press in Washington dc
Nixon releases ___ of his conversations, but they fail to o satisfy investigators because _____
Edited transcripts
It didn’t answer the question of what the president knew and when he knew it.
When Nixon resigned, did he admit guilt?
No, he merely said that some of his judgements “were wrong”
The special prosecutor _____ sues the president to obtain the tapes
Archibald cox
What did the tapes reveal about what Nixon knew and when he knew it?
Nixon knew about the role of members in his administration in the burglary and agreed to the plan to obstruct the FBIs investigation ( six day after the watergate break in )
Who accidentally erased part of the tapes?
Rose Mary woods, nixons secretary
James McCord
Sent a letter to sirica indicating that he lied under oath & suggested White House involvement in the burglary
John dean
Dropped the first bomb and declared that Nixon had been deeply involved in the water gate coverup (he told this to congress
Alexander butter field
Presidents aide who announced Nixon taped all of his presidential conversations using a telephone recording system
Who were the Berlin Wall?
HR haldeman
John erlichman
(These two were nixons two closest advisors & Nixon announced their resignations)
The CRP passed out what to the watergate burglars ? Why ?
450,000 (money) because they wanted to buy their silence
Who took notes on nixons near obsession with how to respond to the watergate break in? When the cover up began, what happened to the documents?
HR haldeman
His documents were all shredded
Who did Nixon beat in the 1972 election?
George McGovern, by a landslide
New federalism
What did he hope to accomplish with this approach?
Nixons plan to distribute more power and responsibility to the state and local gov
Decrease in government (the power and size of the federal government, which is a conservative view)
Southern strategy
Purpose?
Nixons attempt to attract southern conservative voters by slowing or reversing civil rights policies and naming conservative judges to the Supreme Court. He fought integration of schools by trying to stop forced busing.
Purpose- win south support for 1972 election
Family assistance plan
Welfare reform proposal that would have guaranteed an income to welfare recipients who agreed to undergo job training and accept work (deduct supervisory role of the gov and make welfare recipients responsible for their own lives- liberal)
Impoundment
Nixon ended many great society programs by doing this. He withheld necessary funds for programs, holding up their implementation bc he opposed them.
Stagflation
Necessary factors
Economic condition where unemployment and inflation are both high and rising
-Occurred bc people weren’t getting paid
LBJs policy to fund war and social programs with deficit spending
New workers (baby boomers)
Foreign oil dependence
Detente
Flexible policy Kissinger and Nixon agreed on to deal with communist nations to ease Cold War tensions
Changing relations with China and su
Nixon visited there to improve their relationship
Realpolitik- deal with communist nations in a flexible manner, foreign policy on power and not him rights/morals
Henry Kissinger
Nixons Secretary of State
Watergate
June 17,1972
Five men caught breaking into the DNC headquarters at the watergate office
Nixons advisors? Roles?
Hr haldeman- chief of staff, took notes on nixons obsession with how to respond to watergate, documents shredded
John erlichman- chief domestic adviser
John Mitchell- attorney general
John dean- former White House counsel, dropped first bomb to congress that Nixon had been deeply involved in the watergate cover up
Tactics used against perceived enemies
Used the FBI & CIA to spy on dissident groups like SDS, Black Panthers, etc. made an enemies list and even listened to phone conversations
Timeline of water gate scandal. Major events.
June 17,1972- 5 men caught breaking into watergate complex
November 7,1972- Nixon reelect re over george McGovern by a landslide
January 1973- trial of watergate burglars began judged by John sirica
October 1973- Nixon was taken to court for not releasing the tapes & later had to surrender the tapes in 1974
August 8,1974- Nixon announced his resignation from office and admitted no guilt
Resignation?
Who became president?
August 8,1974 Nixon
Gerald ford became president bc Nixon nominated him as VP
Lasting effects of the watergate scandal
25 members of the Nixon administration were convicted and sent to prison for crimes connected to watergate
Widened the credibility gap (Vietnam and watergate)
OPEC
Impact on U.S. economy in 1970s
Organization of petroleum exporting countries
Impact- war broke out & the Arab opec nations cut off oil to the U.S. When opec resumed selling, the price quadrupled worsening inflation so prices increased (cut off bc US supported Israel)
Carters focus on nations energy crisis
Felt America reliance on imported oil was a large part of the problem. Urged Americans to cut consumption of oil and gas
Passed the national energy act which placed a tax on guzzling cars & extended tax credits for the deli omens of alternative energy so dependence on foreign oil eased (but then there was a fuel shortage, opec raised prices, inflation at 14%, and economic downswing)
Foreign policy focus
Carter rejected realpolitik and strived for human rights. Looked at a nations moral principles and human rights instead of their power. He also gave the Panama Canal back to Latin American which improved our relationship and made the U.S. Look better
Camp David accords
What were they
Who signed
Carter helped forge peace between long time enemies, Israel and Egypt, in camp David Maryland.
Peave agreement signed by Israel and Egypt
Factors that led to charters 1980 defeat
Refused to send the shah back to Iran in return for the release of 52 American hostages
His firm insistence on human rights led to the break down of our relationship with the SU, SU invaded afghani stand and salt 2 treaty died
Economic downswing of inflation tracing 14% and carter not being able to solve the problem
Impact of Rachel Carsons silent spring
Warned against the growing use of pesticides and argued that the poisoned the food they were intended to protect, killing birds and fish. Book was an early warning about the danger human activity posed on the environment.
DDT- harmful to humans -> outlawed in 1972
Made ppl realize that their everyday behavior and nations industrial growth had a damagin effect on the environment
Earth day- made awareness to environmental problems
Epa
Purpose?
Environmental protection agency
Power to set and enforce pollution standards and protect endangered species
(They deal with environmental issues)
First earth day was a response to what?
Past damage done to the environment and to make awareness to the impact humans have
Spotlight problems of pollution, toxic waste, and the earths dwindling resources
Compare and contrast presidencies
Nixon-foreign policy - realpolitik
Lawyer, republican, conservative, many challengers
Carter- human rights (not power), peanut farmer, democrate, liberal, went against Gerald ford (not many challengers), energy
Both focused on economy and environment
Three mile island
Happened under carter, nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania malfunctioned
Some radiation was released
Nuclear energy advantages and disadvantages
A- cheap & plentiful Less dependence on foreign oil No pollution and safe? D- toxic waste Plant accidents Radiation Unsafe?
Nixon and carter, environment
Nixon- clean air act reduced pollution in cars and industries
Carter- endangered species act, limited pesticide use and curbed strip mining
