Ch 21 SS2 Flashcards
Jim Crow laws
Separate schools, restrooms, restaurants, etc
Separate but equal
Plessy v ferguson
Where did African Americans move?
Why?
What was the outcome?
South
Escape racism, prejudice, and segregation
Same problems in the north (moved to the north when jobs were moving to the south)
When did the civil rights movement began?
What triggered it?
After WW2.
WW2 triggered it because African American soldiers wanted to fight for their freedom in the US.
What did the NAACP do?
What does it stand for?
It challenged the law
National association for the advancement of colored peoples
After Rosa Parks was arrested, Dr. King led a boycott of this city’s bus system
Montgomery
Students refused to leave “white only” restaurants without being served. These protests became known as…
Sit ins
These students integrated Central High School
The little rock nine
Laws separating African-Americans and whites in the south were known as…
Jim Crow laws
Activists who rode buses throughout the south
Freedom riders
First African-American to enroll the University of Mississippi
James Meredith
Describe the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Eliminated the literacy test as a voting requirement
Pres. Kennedy used the national guard to desegregate this southern university
University of Alabama
Describe De Jure Segreagation
Segregation by law
The Watts Riots took place in this city
Los Angeles
What does SNCC stand for?
Student nonviolent coordinating committee
In what part of the country would you find De Facto segregation
The north
De facto vs de jure segregation
De jure- segregation enforced by law
De facto- segregation enforced by society through habits
What year was brown v board decided?
1954
Reaction to the brown decision
500 schools desegregated
Many whites resisted
KKK
Little rock nine integrate central high school
Elizabeth eckford
Eisenhower- national guard to integrate school-> school is later closed
Rosa parks
Refused to give her seat up to a white man on a Montgomery bus
She was arrested
Boycott on the Montgomery bus system
Led by?
How long?
Martin Luther King jr
381 days
Dr King and the SCLC
Type of resistance?
Opinions?
Non violent resistance
Some black leaders questioned it because they wanted a faster reaction
SCLC vs SNCC
SCLC- protests marches etc
SNCC- black college students wanting change for African Americans to go faster
Thurgood Marshall
Naacp lawyer, brown v board of education w/ naacp, challenged separate but equal
Overtired Plessy v ferguson
CORE
Congress of radical equality
Describe the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Allowed African Americans to register to vote & eliminated the literacy test as a voting requirement
The Watts Riots took place in this city
Los Angeles
Founded the Nation of Islam
Elijah Muhammad
Who gave the famous “Ballots or Bullets” speech
Malcolm x
Committee appointed by Lyndon Johnson to study urban violence
Kerner commission
What was Malcolm X’s real name?
Malcolm Little
Malcolm X was a member of this organization?
Nation of Islam
He was the accused assassin of Dr. Martin Luther King
James Earl Ray
Describe the 1968 Civil Rights Act
Prohibited discrimination in housing.
Dr. King made his “I have a dream speech in this city
Washington DC
What does SNCC stand for?
Student nonviolent coordinating committee
Make a special effort to hire people of a minority group(s)
Affirmative action
Dr. King was killed in this Southern City
Memphis
Identify at least two gains or accomplishments of the civil rights and Black Power movements
- Gave many African Americans an increased pride in their racial identity
- Led to new college programs in African-American history and literature
- Led to more appearances of African Americans in movies and on TV
- Brought about the end of de jure segregation to a large degree
- Led to the passage of civil rights laws
- Increased many Americans’ awareness of de facto segregation and its consequences
- Led to integration of educational facilities and significant increases in the number of African Americans who finished high school and went to college
- Brought about a significant increase in the number of registered African-American voters
- Brought about a significant increase in the number of elected African-American officials
- Encouraged the growth of affirmative action programs
What was the impact that brown c board of education had on the civil rights movement?
It brought an end to legal segregation in public schools
Activists formed the Montgomery improvement association to boycott what?
The transit system
The civil rights movement of the mid twentieth century was successful because it activists did what?
Activists carried out many nonviolent protests
Which civil rights leader helped desegregate schools by successfully arguing brown v board in the Supreme Court?
Thurgood Marshall
In 1896, the Supreme Court case Plessy v ferguson established the precedent of separate but equal. Which twentieth century case overturned the constitutionally of this concept?
Brown v board of education
Which affirmed the legality of racial segregation and prompted the passage of Jim Crow laws?
The decision in Plessy v ferguson
The civil rights act of 1964 made segregation illegal in what?
Public accommodations
What did the voting rights act of 1965 enable federal officials to do?
Register voters
What was the main type of pressure exerted by the Montgomery improvement association in response to segregation on buses?
Economic!
How did brown 2 attempt to make desegregation happen?
It ordered school desegregation with deliberate speed
How did the Montgomery bus boycott help launch mlk jrs career?
By mlk jr. Being elected to lead the group of the Montgomery improvement association
How did the Montgomery bus boycott demon stay the value of nonviolent resistance? How would the outcome have turned out differently if the protestors had used violence?
Refused to ride the buses in Montgomery
Supreme Court may not have outlawed bus segregation
What was importance of the Supreme Court striking down the civil rights act of 1875?
Public facilities were allowed to be segregated
Sixteenth street church bombing
4 young Birmingham girls were killed when a rider in a car hurled a bomb through their church window, two more African Americans died in the unrest that followed
Outcome- JFK assassin shot & killed him
Lyndon b Johnson signed the civil rights act of 1964
March on Washington
2 veteran organizers summoned Americans to a March on Washington, D.C. To persuade congress to pass the civil rights bill, people listened to speakers demand the immediate passage of the bill, I have a dream speech
Outcome- pres. Lyndon b Johnson signed the civil rights act of 1964
Martin Luther king jrs arrest in Birmingham and the Birmingham protests
Mlk jr and SCLC showed days of nonviolent demonstration to help desegregate the city, but were arrested
Tv cameras captured the polices violence toward the protestors
Outcome- continued protests, economic boycott, and negative media coverage, convinced Birmingham officials to end seg. & convinced Kennedy that only a new civil rights act would end violence and satisfy racial justice
Civil rights act of 1964
Prohibited discrimination because of race, religion, national origin, and gender
Gave all citizens the right to enter libraries, parks, restaurants, and other public accommodations
Outcome- equality, banned discrim.
James Meredith
Won a federal court case that allowed him to enroll into an all white university (Mississippi), but was denied registration
Outcome- riots-> federal officials accompanied him to class
Freedom riders & their outcome
Activists on buses that would test the Supreme Court decisions banning segregated seating
Hoped to provoke a violent reaction
Outcome- gave freedom riders direct support, banned desegregation on interstate travel facilities
-waiting rooms -restrooms -lunch counters
In the watts riot, what did African Americans target?
Targeted stores because whites owned them
What was the result of white flight & why was their white flight?
Increase of crime, so whites left to move to suburb and took their money. Black neighborhoods began to decay because they didn’t have as many people paying taxes and the economy declined
What was Malcolm x kicked out of?
Why?
Result?
Malcolm X was kicked out of the black Muslims and called out Muhammad for not being a heroic figure.
Kicked out because of his violent strategy and different doctrines
He was later shot and killed because he left the black Muslims.
What changed Malcolm’s view of whites?
His pilgrimage to Mecca- religious area -> racial equality and nonviolence instead of being aggressive for change
How did black power make whites in the civil rights movement feel? What did Carmichael do when mlk told him to stop using the phrase?
Antagonized and turned off whites who were helping.
Refused to stop & urged SNCC to stop recruiting whites and to focus on developing African American pride
What tactic did black panthers use to fight police brutality in the ghetto?
Violence and aggression
1968, what did people want?
People were working for people’s rights that were mistreated
When & where was mlk killed?
Memphis, TN
1968
Kerner commission & what did they want?
Committee appointed by pres. Johnson to study urban violence
End de facto seg
Create new jobs
New housing
Main cause of urban violence was white racism
Pres. Johnson ignored most of the recommendations because he needed the money for Vietnam
What happened because of the civil rights movement?
Black pride, black studies programs, increase number of black elected officials
