Ch 11 Flashcards
who were the aliies (allie powers)
britain russia france (later US & Italy)
central powers
germany, austria hungary, bulgaria, ottoman empire (turkey)
when did US get involved in the war? more or less casualties ?
involved in the middle of the war, less casualties because they didnt fight for very long
what was the western front
series of trenches between france (allied power) & germany (central power)
what was the eastern front
series of trenches between germany and russia
what did the fronts do ?
split germany into 2 militas -> weaker, easier to beat
schlieffen plan
german invaded belgium, planned to use bulk of army to capture paris & then attacked
because russia moved fast, what did german milita have to do?
send troops to russia front which slowed their advance
when germany was really close to paris what did the french do?
french counter-attack which split german army, when they swung north -> were stopped by britain and france
how many soldiers died on the western front ? what did this begin?
1.5 million, was the beginning of trench warfarewas established bc weapon accuracy increased
how was trench warfare made possible ? what was between the trenches ? how did it work ?
soldiers dug large vast system of trenches
between the trenches was “No mans land” which involved barbed wire and bombs so soldiers avoided it
one fired and retreated, other side fires and retreats
what problems did trenches cause ?
unsanitary = diseases illness rats wet feet dead bodies food wasnt preserved
how did soldiers resolve the problem of food being spoiled ?
seal food in a canned container
why was poison gas effective in trenches ? what did soldiers wear ?
gas masks, called mustard gas and it made soldiers leave the trench = vulnerability
what new weapons were made in WW1
tanks , machine gun = refined , planes for bomb drops
zimmermann notes
telegraph that german spies found, alliance of german and mexico that british spies found saying that if war with US occured german would support mexico
german U-boats (Blockade all over Europe)
suck ships in atlantic if they tried to supply France & England
what was the lusitinia
innocent americans killed, cruise by german uboats
what did the US do when the lisitinia was sunk?
created propaganda posters which promoted the war -> then they got involved
who was the US friends with ?
britain and france
what response occured because of germans blockade in the atlantic ?
france and england set up blockade around germany so they got no supplies and the citizens would starve to death
why did germany invade belgium and take over paris ?
belgium = flatter land, no mountains take frances capital to have more impact, show symbolic meaning, and remove people from power
who started WW1? what did they do ? take place ?
serbia & austria hungary assasination of archduke ferdinand who was from austria hungary took place in Bosnia started WW1 because of alliances
why were propaganda posters made ?
to recruit military and promote war
selective service act
draft where if you were a 18 year old male you had to register for war, if they drew a date out of a bin every day before that had to go into war
convoy system
surrounded merchant ship with battle ships to get supplies to land
which country had the most/least casualties ?
most- germany, fought the longest
least- US
where did germany fight the allied powers ?
western & eastern fronts
who were the victors of WW1
allied powers
Russia, France, Italy , (US, Britain)
losers of WW1
germany & austria hungary (central powers)
treaty of Versailles
rewards and consequences for the war
consequence of losing
austria hungary & germany
AH- land & territory, broken & separated empire
G- full blame for war, limited military, PAY ALLIES ALL COST AND EXPENSES FOR DAMAGES -> DEBT (later wanted revenge)
what was the point of wilsons plan and what was it called ?>
14 points, plan for peace to prevent future was (plan wasnt followed bc US & Russia didnt want to join
what was the 14th point of wilsons plan?
join league of nations (55 countries) to not fight
who didnt join league of nations why
US & Russia bc congress declares war not president
what did wilson do when russia and the US refused to join L of N
tried to convince them, then was upset & later died
NIMA
nationalism (devotion to culture), imperialism(control), militarism(armed forces & diplomacy), alliance system CAUSE OF WAR
why should/shouldnt the US enter the war *
S-stop Germany from taking over Europe, show power, help allies, germans killed innocent americans,give supplies to F & E
SN- money, immigrants didnt want home countries ruined by america werent attack risked lives only transportation was boats (uboats)
espionage and sedition acts
violated amendment 1 sentenced for interfering with war efforts or speaking disloyalty about gov or war effort
why did italy change sides ?
said that if german was attacked the would support but german attacked instead so they broke the alliance
