FINAL ! Flashcards
10 imperialism
stronger nations attempt to control a weaker nation because of military, economic, political, or cultural superiority
10 Platt Amendment
provisions that the US insisted Cuba needed to add to its new constitution, commanding Cuba to stay out of debt & give the US the right to intervene in the country & right to buy/lease Cuban land for naval/fueling stations
10 Boxer Rebellion
members of the Chinese secret society sought to free their country from Western influence (Europe), thought they were invincible (martial arts) to get rid of foreigners but many died
10 open door policy
US aims to prevent foreign powers in china from shutting out the US from Chinese markets, open trade (gateway) with china by dividing it into different portions with each country
10 Panama Canal
waterway cut through Panama to provide shortcut between atlantic & Pacific, US built it & later gave to panama
10 Roosevelt corollary
extension to the monroe doctrine, US claimed right to protect its economic interests by means of military intervention in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations
Europe stays on European side
10 Spanish-american War
Us wanted cuba, Cuba rebels against Spain (they lose) Us supported Cuba to get Cuba, US declares war on Spain bc they wanted the lands for US because spain owned them, US wins, treaty of paris is signed for agreement
10 Theodore Roosevelt
assassination of William McKinely -> vice pres. Roosevelt to become president (dont need to use violence to intimidate, panama canal)
11 selective service act
draft where if you were 18 years old and a male, you had to register for war. If they drew a date out of a bin everyday and it was your birthday, you had to go into war
11 convoy system
surrounded merchant ship with battle ships to get supplies to land
11 western front
series of trenches between france (allied power) and germany (central power)
Most fighting of WW1 was here
11 Causes of WW1
nationalism- devotion to culture
imperialism- control
militarism- armed forces
system of alliances- alliance
12 Urban sprawl
(automobiles) resulted in - unplanned and uncontrolled spreading of cities into surrounding regions
12 KKK
secret organization that used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white supremacy(superiority) in Southern states after the civil war
13 Prohibition
banning of alcohol
13 speakeasies
underground places where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally
13 Scopes trial
fight over evolution and role of science and religion in public schools and society
bio teach didnt want to teach fundamentalism-. got arrested-> fined-> had to teach fundamentalism
13 fundamentalism
couldnt teach evolution because of the source of science through the bible
13 double standard
granting greater sexual freedom to men than women
13 F. Scott Fitzgerald
coined the term “Jazz Age” to describe the 1920s.
13 Charles Lindbergh
small town pilot who made the first nonstop solo flight around the atlantic
12 Sacco and Vanzetti
italian immigrants and anarchists accused of robbery and murder & were executed without much evidence
13 NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
urged African Americans to protest racial violence
13 Great migration
large scale movement of African Americans from the south to the Northern cities because of job opportunities, paid more & more rights, less discrimination, more freedom
14 direct relief
cash payments or food provided by the gov to the poor
14 dust bowl
drought & severe winds over mid west
made farms useless
14 Great depression effect on city dwellers and farmers
city dwellers- shantytowns, soup kitchens, bread lines
farmers- moved west bc of bankruptcy, no help, low prices
14 Great depression
1929 to 1940, US economy was in severe decline & millions of Americans were unemployed
14 Bonus Army
WW1 veterans & families were promised bonus for service
protested for $
Hoover asked national guard to break them up by gassing them which looked bad on hoover
14 buying on margin
paying a small % of a stock’s price as a down payment and borrowing the rest
14 election of 1932
democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt defeated republican Herbert Hoover (who had little chance of winning- doing too little for depression & wanted a new pres)
14 Herbert Hoover
President who had his image shot down the toilet
Pres during Great Depression
Didn’t help ppl when they asked for help
14 farm problems
dust bowl - left land behind
depression - debt & low prices moved west
15 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
federal corporation that harnessed water power to generate electricity and to help prevent disastrous floods in the Tennessee Valley
15 Works Progress Administration (WPA)
agency (established by the Second New Deal) that provided unemployed with jobs as fast as possible
15 Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
sought to raise crop prices by lowering production, which gov achieved by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of every acre of land unseeded - more $ for farmers
(Aided farmers and regulated crop production)
15 National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
provided money to states to create jobs chiefly in construction of schools and other community programs
15 deficit spending
spending more money than the gov receives in revenue
15 FDR
effective, reform-minded leader, working to combat the problems of unemployment and poverty
Served 4 terms, got us out of Great Depression, popular
15 New Deal
FDR’s program to eliminate the problems of the Great Depression, focusing on relief for the needy, economic recovery, & financial reform
16 4 totalitarian dictators
Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) Adolf Hitler (german) Benito Mussolini (italian) Francisco Franco (Spain)
16 blitzkreig
lightning war, Germans military strategy (blitz)
16 genocide
deliberate & systematic killing of an entire population
16 non-aggression pact
agreement where 2 nations promise not to go to war with each other (Stalin & Hitler signed)
Russia and Germany
16 appeasement
giving up principles to keep peace, pacify/please an aggressor
16 Holocaust
systematic murder of 11 million Jews and other groups in Europe by the Nazis before & during WW2
16 Axis Powers
3 nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan that opposed the Allies (US, Britain, Soviet Union) in WW2
16 Pearl Harbor
Japanese bombs the largest US naval base in the Pacific destroying nearly the whole US pacific fleet in the surprise attack, which has great damage
16 Munich pact
Britain & Frances eagerness to avoid war, signed this agreement which turned Sudentenland Czechoslovakia over to Hitler (Germany) without a shot being fired
ALLOWED GERMANY TO TEMPORARILY OWN NEW LAND
17 internment
confinement or a restriction in movement, especially under wartime conditions
-Put Japanese Americans in confined areas
17 Battle of Bulge
month long battle in WW2 where Allies succeed in turning back the last major German offensive war !
German tanks drove through allied lines
17 D-day
(Operation Overlord) the day in which the Allies launched an invasion of the European (Germany) mainland during WW2 while parachuting down
Allies succeed
June 6, 1944
17 V-E day
Victory in Europe day- surrender of the Nazi Germany marked the end of WW2 in Europe
May 8, 1945
17 Dwight D. Eisenhower
American General who commanded then invasion of the axis controlled north africa (operation torch) launched by churchill and roosevelt -> victory
Led D day
17 George Patton
US general who advanced his third army through the Germans weak line of defense and gained territory
17 Douglas MacArthur
General who was in command of the allied forces on the Philippine islands and was ordered to leave, but returned to occupy Japan under US forces
17 Harry Truman
pres roosevelt had a stoke & die -> vice pres Harry became the nations 33rd pres.
11 League of Nations
who didnt join? why ?
association of nations established to promote international cooraperation and peace
US & Russia, bc congress declares war, not president (didnt want to be dragged into war)
11 Fourteen Points
principles making up pres. Woodrow Wilsons plan for world peace following WW1
11 Big Four nations
US France Britain Italy
12 strikes
boston police strike, steel mill strike
working hours, raise, living wage
work stoppage intended to force an employer to respond to demands
12 radicals
member of a political party
12 communism
economic/political system based on a single party gov ruled by dictatorship
11 Franz Ferdinand
Austria Hungary prince who was assassinated by serbia nationalist - started WW1
14 hoboes
Homeless people
15 NRA
Gave direct relief to those who needed it
Who forced the US into WW2
Japan
